l fuels as energy sources, although in the calculation of energy use per person in developing countries, not as big as energy use per person in developed countries. According to Prof. Emil Salim, USA CO2/orang emit 20 tons per year with a population of 1.1 billion population, China emits 3 tons CO2/orang per year with a total 1.3 billion population, while India emits 1.2 tons CO2/orang with the number of 1 billion population.
Thus, the number of greenhouse gases discharged into the atmosphere from this sector related to lifestyle and population. USA is a country with a population that has a very extravagant lifestyle, the consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels, in contrast to a number of developing countries that emit greenhouse gases, because the accumulated number of population.
Rubbish. Trash produce methane (CH4). An estimated 1 ton of solid waste produces 50 kg of methane gas. Garbage is a major issue facing cities in Indonesia. According to the Ministry of Environment in 1995 the average person in urban areas in Indonesia generate waste of 0.8 kg / day and in 2000 continued to increase to 1 kg / day. On the other hand the population continues to increase, so, it is estimated, in 2020 the waste produced 500 million kg / day or 190 thousand tons / year. With this amount, the waste will emit methane gas amounted to 9500 tons / year. Thus, urban waste is a sector with huge potential, accelerate the process of global warming.
Damage to the forest. One of the functions of plants which absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the greenhouse gases, and turn it into oxygen (O2). Currently in Indonesia are known to have occurred fairly severe damage to forests. The rate of forest destruction in Indonesia, according to data from Forest Watch Indonesia (2001), about 2.2 million / year. Forest damage caused by forest fires, land use changes, among others, changes in forests to plantations with a single crop on a large scale, such as oil palm plantations, as well as damages caused by the holders of forest concessions (HPH) and Forest Industrial Plant (HTI). With the damage as mentioned above, of course, carbon dioxide absorption process can not be optimal.This will speed up global warming.
According to data from the Rainbow Foundation, in 1990, emissions of CO2 released by the forestry sector, including changes in land use, reaching 64% of Indonesia's total CO2 emissions reached 748.61 kilotons. In 1994 there was an increase of carbon emissions to 74%.
Agriculture and animal husbandry. This sector contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions through the flooded rice paddies that produce methane gas, fertilizer use and agricultural practices, burning of plant residues, and the decaying remnants of farming, and manure decomposition. From this sector generated greenhouse gases are methane (CH4) and dinitro oxide gas (N20). In Indonesia, agriculture and livestock sector accounted for greenhouse gas emissions by 8:05% of total greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.
Impact of Global WarmingAs a global phenomenon, the impact of global warming felt by all people in the world, including Indonesia. The position of Indonesia as an archipelagic country, Indonesia put in conditions that are vulnerable to global warming. As a result of global warming, Indonesia will face the events:First, the rise in global temperatures, causing the melting of ice in the polar north and south, resulting in the mass expansion of sea water, and rising sea levels. This will reduce the production of fish and shrimp ponds, as well as the occurrence of coral bleaching (coral bleaching), and extinction of various species of fish. In addition, rising sea levels will result in small islands and sloping areas in Indonesia will be lost.Another threat faced by society is deteriorating groundwater quality, as a result of the influx of sea water or spilling over, and urban infrastructure were damaged, as a result of inundation by sea water.
Second, the shift in seasons as a result of changes in rainfall patterns. Climate change resulting in a high-intensity rainfall in a short period and long dry season. In some places there was an increase of rainfall which increases the chances of flooding and landslides, while elsewhere a decline in rainfall that has the potential to cause drought. Most of the Watershed (DAS) will be different levels of ebb tide and an increasingly sharp. This resulted in the increased frequency of flooding or drought.This condition will get worse if the capacity of the river or reservoir is not maintained due to erosion.
Both these events will have an impact on some sectors, namely:
Forestry. The change of several species of flora and fauna. The temperature rise will be the selectors of nature, where species that can adapt will survive and, even likely to proliferate rapidly. While the species is not able to adapt, will suffer extinction. The existence of forest fires that occurred as a result of rising temperatures around the forest, causing grass and twigs are dry tinder. In addition, forest fires causing the extinction of biodiversity.
Fisheries. Increased sea temperatures cause coral bleaching, and subsequent demise of coral reefs, as a habitat for many species of fish. Seawater temperature rise also triggered the migration of fish that are sensitive to temperature changes on a large scale leading to a cooler area. Events dying coral reefs and fish migration, economically, to the detriment of fishermen due to lower catches them.
Agriculture. In general, all forms of agricultural systems sensitive to climate change.Climate change resulting in a shift in seasons and changes in rainfall patterns. This is an impact on agricultural patterns, for example delays planting or harvesting season, the failure of planting, or harvesting due to flooding, landslides and drought. So will a decline in food production in Indonesia. In short, climate change will affect national food security.
Health. The impact of global warming in this sector that is increasing the frequency of tropical diseases, eg diseases transmitted by mosquitoes (malaria and dengue fever), outbreaks of diarrhea, disease or leptospirasis rat urine and skin diseases.The increase in air temperature will cause the shorter the incubation period of mosquitoes so that the quicker the mosquitoes to breed. The floods that hit will cause contamination of water supplies, causing disease outbreaks of diarrhea and disease leptospirosis in the post flood. Meanwhile, the drought will result in clean water crisis, which impacted the emergence of diarrheal diseases and skin diseases. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is also a threat due to forest fires.
In addition to the above effects, recorded some remarkable events that indicate global warming, namely:
Year 2005 was the warmest year. NASA reported that the average global temperature has increased by 0.060 C.Withdrawal of the largest Arctic occurred in 2005. The result of one satellite photo shows the permanent ice-covered area is the narrowest area in the late summer of 2005.Year 2005 was a year with the hottest water in the Caribbean, much longer than has ever occurred and caused bleaching of coral (coral bleaching) along the major areas ranging from Caribbean to the Florida Keys, United States.Year 2005 was recorded as the year with most storm names. There are 26 names storms that exceed the official roster. In this year also there are approximately 14 storm, called a bad storm (hurricane), because it has a wind speed exceeding 119 km / hour. Record the previous year only 12 storms a year. Year 2005 was also the year with the highest category 5 storm with winds of 249 km / hour. The year 2005 was the most expensive due to storm losses.Year 2005 was the driest year ever since a few decades ago in the Amazon, South America. And America West suffered a long drought.
Showing posts with label earth global warming. Show all posts
Showing posts with label earth global warming. Show all posts
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Monday, December 27, 2010
Climate change the world: what and how?
In early February 2007 and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report on scientific explanations, observations and projected impacts of climate change the world. The report also describes the extent of human contribution to climate change that. The following article is intended to provide a brief description about the message of the report. To facilitate delivery, this paper presented in the form of questions and answers.
What is the meaning of climate?
Climate is the average and variation in temperature, evaporation, precipitation and wind over a certain period in the range in a matter of months until millions of years.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Briefly climate can be regarded as the average of the weather. The difference, predicted weather for a period of more than a few days is very difficult because of its relatively high uncertainty. In contrast, estimates of climate change caused by changes in atmospheric composition or other factors, in general, the relative can be done.
What affects the earth's climate?
In the earth's climate is strongly influenced by the heat balance on earth. The flow of heat in the Earth's climate system works because of the radiation. The main source of radiation on Earth is the sun.
Can you explain how the mechanism of thermal equilibrium it?
Of all the solar radiation leading to the surface of the earth, a third reflected back into space by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface (see Figure 1). Reflection by the atmosphere due to clouds and particles called aerosols. The presence of snow, ice and desert plays a crucial role in reflecting back the sun's radiation that reaches the earth's surface.
Two-thirds of the radiation that is not reflected, the amount of about 240 Watt/m2, absorbed by the earth's surface and atmosphere. To maintain thermal equilibrium, the earth radiates back to the heat absorbed in the form of short-wave radiation. Some short-wave radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the greenhouse gases radiate heat back to earth. This mechanism is called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is what causes the earth's temperature is relatively warm with an average of 14oC, without the greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only about-19oC.
A small percentage of heat that is on earth, called latent heat, is used to evaporate water. This latent heat is released again when water vapor condenses in clouds (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: The thermal equilibrium in the Earth System
What is included in the group of greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases is the most dominant water vapor (H2O), followed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Another greenhouse gas is methane (CH4), dinitro-oxide (N2O), ozone (O3) and other gases in smaller quantities.
Is the so-called global warming?
Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the atmosphere near the surface of the earth and the sea over the past decade and projections for some time to come.
Is global warming really is happening?
Observations during the past 157 years show that Earth's surface temperature increased by 0.05 oC / decade. Over the last 25 years getting a sharp increase in temperature, amounting to 0.18 oC / decade (see Figure 2). Symptoms can also be seen from meingkatnya warming ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, melting ice and decreasing snow in the northern hemisphere.
Figure 2: Increase in average temperature of the earth for 157 years
How global warming could happen?
Global warming occurs due to the enhanced greenhouse effect which disebebakan by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The higher the concentration of greenhouse gases, the more heat radiation from Earth is trapped in the atmosphere and radiated back to earth. This causes an increase in surface temperature of the earth. Increased temperatures due to climate could also increase the sun's radiation, but the effect is relatively very small.
What causes the increase in greenhouse gases?
Human activities is believed to be because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
How does the human role in influencing the increased concentration of greenhouse gases?
Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and agricultural activities, resulting in emission of greenhouse gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and halokarbon (group florine gas containing chlorine and bromine). These gases are accumulating in the atmosphere that cause an increase in concentration over time. This increase is very noticeable in the industrial era as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Concentrations of some greenhouse gases during the last 2000 years.
How big is the human contribution to global warming when compared to natural factors other?
Warming or global cooling is influenced by natural factors and human factors. Which includes natural factors is the level of solar radiation and volcanic eruptions. Rise and fall of solar radiation affect the earth's temperature fluctuations. Meanwhile, volcanic eruptions penuruanan effect the earth's temperature for a few moments. Human activities also give effect to the rise and fall of temperature of the earth. However, if accumulated, then the whole of human activity on Earth's temperature increases far greater than the contribution of other factors. The contribution to global warming is termed radiative forcing. The greater radiative forcing greater contribution to global pemasan (see picture below).
Figure 4: Components of radiative forcing from human and natural (solar radiation).
Does the increase of water vapor in the atmosphere due to global warming will increase the greenhouse effect?
Yes. This is called positive feedback effect (positive feedback effect).
Is there another positive feedback effect?
There, the melting of ice and snow due to global warming. With the melting of ice and snow, land surface that were previously closed to open. Because the soil is darker than snow and ice, the more heat is absorbed by the earth's surface, which in turn increases the temperature of the earth.
Are extreme climate phenomena of late related to global warming?
Many statistics are menunujukkan so. The incidence of extreme climatic phenomena over the last century showed an increase. Among these extreme events include the long dry season in Australia (2003), the high temperatures during summer in Europe (2003), duration of hurricane season in North America (2004 and 2005), heavy rainfall in India (2005), etc. . In contrast, the number of extreme events such as extremely cold nights has decreased.
Could global warming is only caused by natural variation?
It is unlikely that global warming is only caused by natural variation. Climate models that only take into account natural variations (especially solar and volcanic activity) without considering the effect of greenhouse gases that failed to produce an output in accordance with reality / observations. The simulation results to be accurate after entering the effects of greenhouse gases into the model. This is as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5: Climate models with and without including human factors
Did the events of extreme climate will change along with climate change the world?
The answer, yes. Heat waves estimated to be more intensive, more frequent and last longer. In areas with four seasons, the number of days with temperatures lower than the freezing temperature will be minor. The summer will be drier and winters will become more humid. In addition, the intensity of tropical storms will be higher.
If greenhouse gas emissions be reduced, how quickly the concentration of gases in the atmosphere will be reduced?
The answer depends on the type of gas. Concentrations of some of the gas would immediately be reduced immediately by a reduction in emissions, but some of them even remain elevated for several centuries after such reduction (see figure below).
Figure 6: Penuruanan concentrations of greenhouse gases after the introduction of emission reduction (a) CO2, (b) of greenhouse gases by 120-year life cycle, and (c) of greenhouse gases by 12-year life cycle
What is the meaning of climate?
Climate is the average and variation in temperature, evaporation, precipitation and wind over a certain period in the range in a matter of months until millions of years.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Briefly climate can be regarded as the average of the weather. The difference, predicted weather for a period of more than a few days is very difficult because of its relatively high uncertainty. In contrast, estimates of climate change caused by changes in atmospheric composition or other factors, in general, the relative can be done.
What affects the earth's climate?
In the earth's climate is strongly influenced by the heat balance on earth. The flow of heat in the Earth's climate system works because of the radiation. The main source of radiation on Earth is the sun.
Can you explain how the mechanism of thermal equilibrium it?
Of all the solar radiation leading to the surface of the earth, a third reflected back into space by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface (see Figure 1). Reflection by the atmosphere due to clouds and particles called aerosols. The presence of snow, ice and desert plays a crucial role in reflecting back the sun's radiation that reaches the earth's surface.
Two-thirds of the radiation that is not reflected, the amount of about 240 Watt/m2, absorbed by the earth's surface and atmosphere. To maintain thermal equilibrium, the earth radiates back to the heat absorbed in the form of short-wave radiation. Some short-wave radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the greenhouse gases radiate heat back to earth. This mechanism is called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is what causes the earth's temperature is relatively warm with an average of 14oC, without the greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only about-19oC.
A small percentage of heat that is on earth, called latent heat, is used to evaporate water. This latent heat is released again when water vapor condenses in clouds (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: The thermal equilibrium in the Earth System
What is included in the group of greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases is the most dominant water vapor (H2O), followed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Another greenhouse gas is methane (CH4), dinitro-oxide (N2O), ozone (O3) and other gases in smaller quantities.
Is the so-called global warming?
Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the atmosphere near the surface of the earth and the sea over the past decade and projections for some time to come.
Is global warming really is happening?
Observations during the past 157 years show that Earth's surface temperature increased by 0.05 oC / decade. Over the last 25 years getting a sharp increase in temperature, amounting to 0.18 oC / decade (see Figure 2). Symptoms can also be seen from meingkatnya warming ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, melting ice and decreasing snow in the northern hemisphere.
Figure 2: Increase in average temperature of the earth for 157 years
How global warming could happen?
Global warming occurs due to the enhanced greenhouse effect which disebebakan by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The higher the concentration of greenhouse gases, the more heat radiation from Earth is trapped in the atmosphere and radiated back to earth. This causes an increase in surface temperature of the earth. Increased temperatures due to climate could also increase the sun's radiation, but the effect is relatively very small.
What causes the increase in greenhouse gases?
Human activities is believed to be because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
How does the human role in influencing the increased concentration of greenhouse gases?
Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and agricultural activities, resulting in emission of greenhouse gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and halokarbon (group florine gas containing chlorine and bromine). These gases are accumulating in the atmosphere that cause an increase in concentration over time. This increase is very noticeable in the industrial era as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Concentrations of some greenhouse gases during the last 2000 years.
How big is the human contribution to global warming when compared to natural factors other?
Warming or global cooling is influenced by natural factors and human factors. Which includes natural factors is the level of solar radiation and volcanic eruptions. Rise and fall of solar radiation affect the earth's temperature fluctuations. Meanwhile, volcanic eruptions penuruanan effect the earth's temperature for a few moments. Human activities also give effect to the rise and fall of temperature of the earth. However, if accumulated, then the whole of human activity on Earth's temperature increases far greater than the contribution of other factors. The contribution to global warming is termed radiative forcing. The greater radiative forcing greater contribution to global pemasan (see picture below).
Figure 4: Components of radiative forcing from human and natural (solar radiation).
Does the increase of water vapor in the atmosphere due to global warming will increase the greenhouse effect?
Yes. This is called positive feedback effect (positive feedback effect).
Is there another positive feedback effect?
There, the melting of ice and snow due to global warming. With the melting of ice and snow, land surface that were previously closed to open. Because the soil is darker than snow and ice, the more heat is absorbed by the earth's surface, which in turn increases the temperature of the earth.
Are extreme climate phenomena of late related to global warming?
Many statistics are menunujukkan so. The incidence of extreme climatic phenomena over the last century showed an increase. Among these extreme events include the long dry season in Australia (2003), the high temperatures during summer in Europe (2003), duration of hurricane season in North America (2004 and 2005), heavy rainfall in India (2005), etc. . In contrast, the number of extreme events such as extremely cold nights has decreased.
Could global warming is only caused by natural variation?
It is unlikely that global warming is only caused by natural variation. Climate models that only take into account natural variations (especially solar and volcanic activity) without considering the effect of greenhouse gases that failed to produce an output in accordance with reality / observations. The simulation results to be accurate after entering the effects of greenhouse gases into the model. This is as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5: Climate models with and without including human factors
Did the events of extreme climate will change along with climate change the world?
The answer, yes. Heat waves estimated to be more intensive, more frequent and last longer. In areas with four seasons, the number of days with temperatures lower than the freezing temperature will be minor. The summer will be drier and winters will become more humid. In addition, the intensity of tropical storms will be higher.
If greenhouse gas emissions be reduced, how quickly the concentration of gases in the atmosphere will be reduced?
The answer depends on the type of gas. Concentrations of some of the gas would immediately be reduced immediately by a reduction in emissions, but some of them even remain elevated for several centuries after such reduction (see figure below).
Figure 6: Penuruanan concentrations of greenhouse gases after the introduction of emission reduction (a) CO2, (b) of greenhouse gases by 120-year life cycle, and (c) of greenhouse gases by 12-year life cycle
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
as a world health organization, WHO see so much climate change impacts on human health. For that is why the WHO initiative to raise the theme that in order to commemorate the 60th HKS in 2008.
WHO Representative to Indonesia, Mr. Sharad Adhikary explains why it is so important a concern for these issues are highly threatened due to the impact of health and human survival on this earth.
Basically, the Earth is always experiencing climate change from time to time. Only in the past such changes naturally take place while the current climate change is caused by human activity that is more rapid and drastic.
THEN WHAT CAUSE CLIMATE CHANGE?
In 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / IPCC) and Al Gore awarded Nobel Peace Prize. The award was obtained for their efforts to develop and disseminate knowledge about climate change caused by human activities as well as about the fundamental efforts to follow up these changes are not natural.
The results confirm that the IPCC assessment of global climate change occurs because the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide and methane, generated by humans. Carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel combustion processes in order to produce energy and also due to forest fires. While methane gas caused by waste disposal activities.
GHG has the ability to capture infrared rays of sunlight reflected by the earth. Therefore, the greater the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, the earth would be getting hot. Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 385 parts per million in 2006, a remarkable improvement when compared with data on climate change during the last 650,000 years, said Mr. Sharad.
Over the last 13 years, twelve years of which was recorded as the warmest years. With the continued accumulation of greenhouse gases such as today, in the next two to three decades will exceed the increase in global warming calculations have been wherewith. IPCC estimates that by 2050 global temperatures will rise 2-3 degrees Celsius.
Increasing the temperature will have an impact on:
- Widespread melting Arctic ice cap
- Increasing the temperature of sea water, resulting in rising sea
- The dry season will be more dry and wet season will be more
- Increased rainfall and flooding conditions
Overall it will affect human health both in terms of the increasing growth of disease-carrying animals such as mosquitoes, are also threats to the availability of clean water, food crisis, and cleanliness of the environment. Finally, the overall effect is to threaten human life, said Mr. Sharad.
For that very important to really understand climate change. Mr, Sharad asserted that required the readiness of all countries in the deal, to be able to adapt, and accept that going to happen the worse the effect, which is not anticipated.
WHO Representative to Indonesia, Mr. Sharad Adhikary explains why it is so important a concern for these issues are highly threatened due to the impact of health and human survival on this earth.
Basically, the Earth is always experiencing climate change from time to time. Only in the past such changes naturally take place while the current climate change is caused by human activity that is more rapid and drastic.
THEN WHAT CAUSE CLIMATE CHANGE?
In 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / IPCC) and Al Gore awarded Nobel Peace Prize. The award was obtained for their efforts to develop and disseminate knowledge about climate change caused by human activities as well as about the fundamental efforts to follow up these changes are not natural.
The results confirm that the IPCC assessment of global climate change occurs because the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide and methane, generated by humans. Carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel combustion processes in order to produce energy and also due to forest fires. While methane gas caused by waste disposal activities.
GHG has the ability to capture infrared rays of sunlight reflected by the earth. Therefore, the greater the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, the earth would be getting hot. Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 385 parts per million in 2006, a remarkable improvement when compared with data on climate change during the last 650,000 years, said Mr. Sharad.
Over the last 13 years, twelve years of which was recorded as the warmest years. With the continued accumulation of greenhouse gases such as today, in the next two to three decades will exceed the increase in global warming calculations have been wherewith. IPCC estimates that by 2050 global temperatures will rise 2-3 degrees Celsius.
Increasing the temperature will have an impact on:
- Widespread melting Arctic ice cap
- Increasing the temperature of sea water, resulting in rising sea
- The dry season will be more dry and wet season will be more
- Increased rainfall and flooding conditions
Overall it will affect human health both in terms of the increasing growth of disease-carrying animals such as mosquitoes, are also threats to the availability of clean water, food crisis, and cleanliness of the environment. Finally, the overall effect is to threaten human life, said Mr. Sharad.
For that very important to really understand climate change. Mr, Sharad asserted that required the readiness of all countries in the deal, to be able to adapt, and accept that going to happen the worse the effect, which is not anticipated.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
global warming (article)
According to research Intergovermental Panel and Climate Change (IPCC), an international organization comprising more than 100 countries United Nations initiated in 2005 has been an increase in world temperature of about 0.6 to 0.7 degrees, while in Asia even higher, namely 10 degrees. This has resulted in melting of Gleser (Ice Mountain) in the Himalayas and the South Pole and reduced water availability in tropical regions as much as 20% to 30%. Gleser melting in the Himalayas and the South Pole itself directly impact on sea level rise as high as 4-6 meters. If this is allowed to continue then by 2012 the sea water will rise again around 7 meters. With so automatic ecosystems and livelihoods in coastal areas and islands will be threatened with extinction.
While changes in general perceived the world today is increasingly long summer and the shortening of the rainy season. This is of course very dangerous for the survival of the world at large.
Departure from these various fields of industrial concerns now would not want to think about this global warming handling steps. Starting from the reduction of gas emissions from industry and transport which has been blamed as one of the major contributors to global warming, to the creation of environmentally friendly technology for a variety of products ranging from transportation to various electronic equipment and environmentally friendly computers began to be made.
Information Technology industry, although not directly related to global warming as well as agriculture and environment, but should be able to bring the technology that supports the mitigation of global warming or global warming. This is because in various business fields that exist in today's world, information technology has become the backbone of the movement of existing industry. Starting from the machines in factories that use microcomputers to process computing in the office who also use computers. Indirectly the things mentioned above have shown that the field of IT has a lot of sucking the world's energy use at large,
While changes in general perceived the world today is increasingly long summer and the shortening of the rainy season. This is of course very dangerous for the survival of the world at large.
Departure from these various fields of industrial concerns now would not want to think about this global warming handling steps. Starting from the reduction of gas emissions from industry and transport which has been blamed as one of the major contributors to global warming, to the creation of environmentally friendly technology for a variety of products ranging from transportation to various electronic equipment and environmentally friendly computers began to be made.
Information Technology industry, although not directly related to global warming as well as agriculture and environment, but should be able to bring the technology that supports the mitigation of global warming or global warming. This is because in various business fields that exist in today's world, information technology has become the backbone of the movement of existing industry. Starting from the machines in factories that use microcomputers to process computing in the office who also use computers. Indirectly the things mentioned above have shown that the field of IT has a lot of sucking the world's energy use at large,
sad to global warming
Sadly global warming causing iklim.human changes are hard to understand this ... .. even though they know the factors, measures should be done and its effects, but people still do not menyedari.apakah to do to stop doing things that will deplete the ozone? reduction in the use kloroflurokarbon (CFC). how? people should use sophisticated technology, such as creating no air-conditioning has been released CFC. what we should do to ensure that open burning of forests has occurred in the state Jakarta .mmm not say .... do not know ... can give your views on steps that can stop forest fires in the open, and that is a global awareness campaign pemasan impact on the battle is not responsible?
Saturday, December 25, 2010
Impact of Sea Level Rise and Flooding on Environmental Bio-geophysical conditions and Socio-Economic Community
Sea level rise will generally result in impacts as follows: (a) increased frequency and intensity of flooding, (b) changes in ocean currents and the widespread destruction of mangroves, (c) expansion of sea water intrusion, (d) a threat to society's socioeconomic coast, and (e) decrease in land area or the loss of small islands.
The increased frequency and intensity of floods caused by the random occurrence of rainfall patterns and a short rainy season while the very high rainfall (extreme events). Another possibility is a result of backwater effects from coastal area to land. The frequency and intensity of flooding is predicted occurs 9 times greater in the next decade in which the 80% increase in flooding occurred in South and Southeast Asia (including Indonesia) with an area of the floodwaters reached 2 million square miles. Increasing the volume of water in coastal areas will provide the cumulative effect if the sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of rainfall occurred in the same period.
The increased frequency and intensity of floods caused by the random occurrence of rainfall patterns and a short rainy season while the very high rainfall (extreme events). Another possibility is a result of backwater effects from coastal area to land. The frequency and intensity of flooding is predicted occurs 9 times greater in the next decade in which the 80% increase in flooding occurred in South and Southeast Asia (including Indonesia) with an area of the floodwaters reached 2 million square miles. Increasing the volume of water in coastal areas will provide the cumulative effect if the sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of rainfall occurred in the same period.
Global Warming and the freezing of Europe
There is an interesting article from Science Daily that I have ever read that discusses the impact of global warming in Europe. This article was written based on the results of long-term numerical simulation of what would happen if the rate of greenhouse gases continue to grow in Earth's atmosphere. In the long term, Europe will increasingly cold turned out if global warming continues. The question is: â € œApa the cause of Europe will be more cool? Â €?
To address this problem, first you need to know about what is called the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt, which is a global ocean circulation in the circulation occurs transfer of heat energy absorbed by the seas of the tropics-which experienced a relatively constant solar radiation throughout the year - to middle-and high-latitude regions that receive different solar radiation energy during winter and summer (due to the earth's rotation axis which makes an angle of 23.5 degrees to the orbit).
Due to cold temperatures around the north pole (Greenland), there will be a freezing of sea water. Freezing of sea water will release the salt contained in sea water (and therefore, why the ice at the poles does not taste salty because the salt does not come frozen). The release of this salt will make the salinity of sea water becomes higher so that the density of sea water there also be higher too, as a result of sea water mass will decrease (known sebaga sinking or downwelling phenomenon or can be referred to as the ocean currents that move into the depths). Vacancy due to the decline of sea water masses that have a large density will be filled by the mass of the surrounding sea water, ie from lower latitudes or tropics. Sea water in the warm tropical climate makes the middle and high latitudes remained warm enough.
Global warming will cause polar ice caps melting. This causes the increase in the amount of water, resulting in dilution of sea water. As a result, the density of sea water to be reduced so that the process of sinking or downwelling would be weakened. The weakening of this process will reduce the amount of warm water coming from the tropics.
To address this problem, first you need to know about what is called the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt, which is a global ocean circulation in the circulation occurs transfer of heat energy absorbed by the seas of the tropics-which experienced a relatively constant solar radiation throughout the year - to middle-and high-latitude regions that receive different solar radiation energy during winter and summer (due to the earth's rotation axis which makes an angle of 23.5 degrees to the orbit).
Due to cold temperatures around the north pole (Greenland), there will be a freezing of sea water. Freezing of sea water will release the salt contained in sea water (and therefore, why the ice at the poles does not taste salty because the salt does not come frozen). The release of this salt will make the salinity of sea water becomes higher so that the density of sea water there also be higher too, as a result of sea water mass will decrease (known sebaga sinking or downwelling phenomenon or can be referred to as the ocean currents that move into the depths). Vacancy due to the decline of sea water masses that have a large density will be filled by the mass of the surrounding sea water, ie from lower latitudes or tropics. Sea water in the warm tropical climate makes the middle and high latitudes remained warm enough.
Global warming will cause polar ice caps melting. This causes the increase in the amount of water, resulting in dilution of sea water. As a result, the density of sea water to be reduced so that the process of sinking or downwelling would be weakened. The weakening of this process will reduce the amount of warm water coming from the tropics.
Friday, December 24, 2010
Global warming health impairment.
Skin cancer.
Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere contributes to global warming and the subsequent increase in damage the ozone layer. If under normal circumstances, the earth's atmosphere can hold 95 percent of ultraviolet radiation ofthe sun, and only five percent of the radiation that penetrates the earth, but now that layer is not able to sustain, especially around the south pole.
This situation can lead to people in the area is exposed to skin cancer.However, it does not mean that we are free here to be exposed in the sun without anyprotection. We can do: Make sure you apply the cream or lotion sunscreen 20 minutes before you leave home. Preferably with SPF 15 or lebih.Sebaik possible, apply thecream as well as in both ears and your feet. If you feel you would be in the sun for along period of time, choose a lotion with SPF 30 or higher. It effectively resist theharmful rays of the sun on your skin.
Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere contributes to global warming and the subsequent increase in damage the ozone layer. If under normal circumstances, the earth's atmosphere can hold 95 percent of ultraviolet radiation ofthe sun, and only five percent of the radiation that penetrates the earth, but now that layer is not able to sustain, especially around the south pole.
This situation can lead to people in the area is exposed to skin cancer.However, it does not mean that we are free here to be exposed in the sun without anyprotection. We can do: Make sure you apply the cream or lotion sunscreen 20 minutes before you leave home. Preferably with SPF 15 or lebih.Sebaik possible, apply thecream as well as in both ears and your feet. If you feel you would be in the sun for along period of time, choose a lotion with SPF 30 or higher. It effectively resist theharmful rays of the sun on your skin.
Global Warming & Greenhouse Gas: Developed Countries Must Act
For the period 1997 to 2008, emissions of carbon dioxide in the world due to the useof fossil fuels increased by 31 percent. Citizens of the world wants to 'speed' of global warming can be reduced.
It means that the amount of carbon dioxide should be reduced, because otherwise wewill face heavy pressure over again. Traveled life more difficult when the disasteroccurred and during post-disaster period. Billions and billions of dollars of lossessuffered due to the destruction of property and lives.
Many agricultural and fishery programs will be affected because of the dramaticseasonal changes in addition to threatening many species. All the world's oceansincreased by 1.5 inches. Global temperature will increase, thus lead to theincompatibility of the world community. Hundreds of blocks of ice from both poles of the earth to melt and affect global weather.
See how the phenomenon of the summer and more severe forest fires around the world, the United States (U.S.) to the west to Australia. Temperature last 12 years the world was found to be 0.4 degrees Celsius warmer than 12 years before 1997.
This frightening scenario of environmental citizenship. Ten years ago, meteorologicalscientists think climate change will not happen as bad as happens now, if no drastic action is taken, certainly more bad news related to the environment will follow later.
It means that the amount of carbon dioxide should be reduced, because otherwise wewill face heavy pressure over again. Traveled life more difficult when the disasteroccurred and during post-disaster period. Billions and billions of dollars of lossessuffered due to the destruction of property and lives.
Many agricultural and fishery programs will be affected because of the dramaticseasonal changes in addition to threatening many species. All the world's oceansincreased by 1.5 inches. Global temperature will increase, thus lead to theincompatibility of the world community. Hundreds of blocks of ice from both poles of the earth to melt and affect global weather.
See how the phenomenon of the summer and more severe forest fires around the world, the United States (U.S.) to the west to Australia. Temperature last 12 years the world was found to be 0.4 degrees Celsius warmer than 12 years before 1997.
This frightening scenario of environmental citizenship. Ten years ago, meteorologicalscientists think climate change will not happen as bad as happens now, if no drastic action is taken, certainly more bad news related to the environment will follow later.
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