l fuels as energy sources, although in the calculation of energy use per person in developing countries, not as big as energy use per person in developed countries. According to Prof. Emil Salim, USA CO2/orang emit 20 tons per year with a population of 1.1 billion population, China emits 3 tons CO2/orang per year with a total 1.3 billion population, while India emits 1.2 tons CO2/orang with the number of 1 billion population.
Thus, the number of greenhouse gases discharged into the atmosphere from this sector related to lifestyle and population. USA is a country with a population that has a very extravagant lifestyle, the consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels, in contrast to a number of developing countries that emit greenhouse gases, because the accumulated number of population.
Rubbish. Trash produce methane (CH4). An estimated 1 ton of solid waste produces 50 kg of methane gas. Garbage is a major issue facing cities in Indonesia. According to the Ministry of Environment in 1995 the average person in urban areas in Indonesia generate waste of 0.8 kg / day and in 2000 continued to increase to 1 kg / day. On the other hand the population continues to increase, so, it is estimated, in 2020 the waste produced 500 million kg / day or 190 thousand tons / year. With this amount, the waste will emit methane gas amounted to 9500 tons / year. Thus, urban waste is a sector with huge potential, accelerate the process of global warming.
Damage to the forest. One of the functions of plants which absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the greenhouse gases, and turn it into oxygen (O2). Currently in Indonesia are known to have occurred fairly severe damage to forests. The rate of forest destruction in Indonesia, according to data from Forest Watch Indonesia (2001), about 2.2 million / year. Forest damage caused by forest fires, land use changes, among others, changes in forests to plantations with a single crop on a large scale, such as oil palm plantations, as well as damages caused by the holders of forest concessions (HPH) and Forest Industrial Plant (HTI). With the damage as mentioned above, of course, carbon dioxide absorption process can not be optimal.This will speed up global warming.
According to data from the Rainbow Foundation, in 1990, emissions of CO2 released by the forestry sector, including changes in land use, reaching 64% of Indonesia's total CO2 emissions reached 748.61 kilotons. In 1994 there was an increase of carbon emissions to 74%.
Agriculture and animal husbandry. This sector contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions through the flooded rice paddies that produce methane gas, fertilizer use and agricultural practices, burning of plant residues, and the decaying remnants of farming, and manure decomposition. From this sector generated greenhouse gases are methane (CH4) and dinitro oxide gas (N20). In Indonesia, agriculture and livestock sector accounted for greenhouse gas emissions by 8:05% of total greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.
Impact of Global WarmingAs a global phenomenon, the impact of global warming felt by all people in the world, including Indonesia. The position of Indonesia as an archipelagic country, Indonesia put in conditions that are vulnerable to global warming. As a result of global warming, Indonesia will face the events:First, the rise in global temperatures, causing the melting of ice in the polar north and south, resulting in the mass expansion of sea water, and rising sea levels. This will reduce the production of fish and shrimp ponds, as well as the occurrence of coral bleaching (coral bleaching), and extinction of various species of fish. In addition, rising sea levels will result in small islands and sloping areas in Indonesia will be lost.Another threat faced by society is deteriorating groundwater quality, as a result of the influx of sea water or spilling over, and urban infrastructure were damaged, as a result of inundation by sea water.
Second, the shift in seasons as a result of changes in rainfall patterns. Climate change resulting in a high-intensity rainfall in a short period and long dry season. In some places there was an increase of rainfall which increases the chances of flooding and landslides, while elsewhere a decline in rainfall that has the potential to cause drought. Most of the Watershed (DAS) will be different levels of ebb tide and an increasingly sharp. This resulted in the increased frequency of flooding or drought.This condition will get worse if the capacity of the river or reservoir is not maintained due to erosion.
Both these events will have an impact on some sectors, namely:
Forestry. The change of several species of flora and fauna. The temperature rise will be the selectors of nature, where species that can adapt will survive and, even likely to proliferate rapidly. While the species is not able to adapt, will suffer extinction. The existence of forest fires that occurred as a result of rising temperatures around the forest, causing grass and twigs are dry tinder. In addition, forest fires causing the extinction of biodiversity.
Fisheries. Increased sea temperatures cause coral bleaching, and subsequent demise of coral reefs, as a habitat for many species of fish. Seawater temperature rise also triggered the migration of fish that are sensitive to temperature changes on a large scale leading to a cooler area. Events dying coral reefs and fish migration, economically, to the detriment of fishermen due to lower catches them.
Agriculture. In general, all forms of agricultural systems sensitive to climate change.Climate change resulting in a shift in seasons and changes in rainfall patterns. This is an impact on agricultural patterns, for example delays planting or harvesting season, the failure of planting, or harvesting due to flooding, landslides and drought. So will a decline in food production in Indonesia. In short, climate change will affect national food security.
Health. The impact of global warming in this sector that is increasing the frequency of tropical diseases, eg diseases transmitted by mosquitoes (malaria and dengue fever), outbreaks of diarrhea, disease or leptospirasis rat urine and skin diseases.The increase in air temperature will cause the shorter the incubation period of mosquitoes so that the quicker the mosquitoes to breed. The floods that hit will cause contamination of water supplies, causing disease outbreaks of diarrhea and disease leptospirosis in the post flood. Meanwhile, the drought will result in clean water crisis, which impacted the emergence of diarrheal diseases and skin diseases. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is also a threat due to forest fires.
In addition to the above effects, recorded some remarkable events that indicate global warming, namely:
Year 2005 was the warmest year. NASA reported that the average global temperature has increased by 0.060 C.Withdrawal of the largest Arctic occurred in 2005. The result of one satellite photo shows the permanent ice-covered area is the narrowest area in the late summer of 2005.Year 2005 was a year with the hottest water in the Caribbean, much longer than has ever occurred and caused bleaching of coral (coral bleaching) along the major areas ranging from Caribbean to the Florida Keys, United States.Year 2005 was recorded as the year with most storm names. There are 26 names storms that exceed the official roster. In this year also there are approximately 14 storm, called a bad storm (hurricane), because it has a wind speed exceeding 119 km / hour. Record the previous year only 12 storms a year. Year 2005 was also the year with the highest category 5 storm with winds of 249 km / hour. The year 2005 was the most expensive due to storm losses.Year 2005 was the driest year ever since a few decades ago in the Amazon, South America. And America West suffered a long drought.
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