Earth's average temperature is generally not very stable, but varies with time, as has been proved by analysis of geological layers. Our planet is several tens of degrees colder at 20 000 years ago, the glaciers on the peak days of snow. This temperature change is actually very slow, the temperature change of 0.2 degrees from 1000 until the end of the 19th century.
The fact that the international community is worried about how quickly the temperature changes now, the pace of change has not been seen in the past. Since the end of the 19th century, about one hundred years alone, the average temperature has risen 0.6 degrees. Computer simulation shows that the warming will be faster and the average temperature could rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees by the end of the 21st century. This phenomenon we call global warming.
Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric temperature variations are generally associated with several factors such as changes in activity of the Sun, or the speed of rotation of the Earth. However, most scientists believe that global warming is caused mainly by the greenhouse effect. This effect occurs when the bulk of the energy from the sun reaching the Earth kepermukaan not reflected back out into space, but diserapi by our atmosphere.
As we find, according to the Wien law, the nature of radiation from an object depends on its temperature. The sun have a surface temperature of 6000 degrees, glowing in the waves seemed terutamamya which is simply the energy in our atmosphere. However, due to Earth's temperature is much lower than the temperature of the Sun, the planet we draw out the energy in the form of infrared radiation. Gases such as carbon-dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which is also transparent in the visible wavelength, is opaque in the infrared radiation. Their characteristics are preventing workers from out of the last keangkasa. They absorb the energy to make our atmosphere warm. Most of the solar energy is absorbed by the lower atmosphere, as happened on Venus.
It is probable that the greenhouse effect and global warming, which is accelerating since the 19th century, due to the impact of human activities on the environment. Most of the gas which has the characteristics of the greenhouse effect has been released into the atmosphere through the activities of the modern use of fossil fuels in industry and transport. It can also be caused by certain agricultural activities such as cattle. We expected that carbon-dioxide has increased by 30 percent since the beginning of industrial era, which is a major contribution to aggravate the greenhouse effect.
Since 150 years ago, glaciers in the Alps mountain ranges, such as the Aletsch glacier in Switzerland, has lost half its mass. Credit: O. Esslinger
Since 150 years ago, glaciers in the Alps mountain ranges, such as the Aletsch glacier in Switzerland, has lost half its mass. Credit: O. Esslinger
The effects of global warming
As has been pointed out, global warming causes glaciers to melt and sea levels rose by several tens of centimeters. The thickness of the ice at the poles also be less. Since the 21st century, this phenomenon is increasing more rapidly, where its effect seems more pronounced, especially the increase in sea levels and extreme weather changes involving precipitation cycles of drought and devastating.
This effect can be felt by people with frequent floods, drought, shortage of drinking water, the spread of malaria, lack of zones of the sea or the scarcity of the island. In the long run, the melting ice in Greenland, which causes sea level rise of 6 meters, we can predict the loss of most of the waterfront zone of the world.
Faced with the threat and the need to address the problem, the international community found to be quite shy. The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997, seeks to force industrial countries to take the steps necessary to reduce air pollution which aggravate the greenhouse effect. The result of the decision of Russia to participate in this protocol, it will have the opportunity to bring results. However, without the participation of the United States, which is presently the world's largest air pollutants, the results of this protocol usahan somewhat limited. Because of this agreement is not so ambitious, we believe it is not able to effectively slow down global warming. Therefore, the terrible disaster that is threatening.
Showing posts with label skin cancer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label skin cancer. Show all posts
Sunday, January 2, 2011
Saturday, January 1, 2011
World leaders signed the strategic plan of global warming effects
THE list of agendas and priorities of many world leaders in 2007, the issue of climate change and global warming are among the most important. Said Daniel Franklin, author of The World in 2007, an annual special issue of The Economist magazine famous. Issues that require new strategies and plans, not only in the energy and water resources, even in all dimensions of life are increasingly at risk and threatened.
In a press release in Paris on 2 February, the group working on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which comprises more than 600 authors from 40 countries announced the publication of the first volume of a special report for policy makers, entitled Climate Change 2007.
The first volume covers the basic science on the causes of climate change, evidence of climate change is detected, the scientific methods used to assess the diversity of the causes and predictions of future climate change.
Reports said the content of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide increased significantly due to various human activities since 1.750. Content was 30 times higher than the era before the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric records for 650,000 years.
The increase in carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel use and land-use changes, especially the destruction of forests, while methane and nitrous oxide due to unsustainable farming methods.
According to the NASA report, melting of ice at the poles when it stood at nine percent per decade. The thickness of Arctic ice at the poles down 40 percent since the 1960s. The IPCC report also states that the incidence of category 4 and 5 hurricanes has doubled in the past 30 years. Meanwhile, the usual flood predicted to occur every 100 years would be more likely to occur between 10 and 20 years, including in areas not included in the list of flood risk.
The IPCC forecasts that global warming trend and the impact of this climate of uncertainty is expected to increase further. Over the last century, the earth's surface temperature increased 0.6 ° C. However, much scientific evidence shows that in this century, global temperature will rise 1.4 to 5.8 ° C. Temperature increase is expected to affect human life, including sea level rise of between nine and 88 centimeters (CM) which endanger coastal areas and small islands.
What to do in the situation now? In my opinion, we need to do three strategic steps as soon as possible.
First: Environmental education is more comprehensive. In this regard, I welcome the steps the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation hold a seminar on climate change in Kuala Lumpur, May. Such measures are necessary because there are many in this country do not understand the issue of climate change, including policy makers and professionals.
Perhaps that is why the issue of climate change is not directly into the premises and concerns in the formulation of national development strategies such as the Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK-9) and the 2007 Budget.
For example, the RMK-9 reports the phrase 'climate change' is cornered in chapter 22 of article 19 of the 'initiatives' on page 485. That only explains about Malaysia's involvement in the IPCC. While the clean development mechanism or CDM, which is one of the methods of reducing carbon emissions into the atmosphere described in the final of the energy sector, in chapter 19, article 46 on page 430.
Reading the official documents about the planning of development in recent years in fact intimidate me, because climate change is far cornered, just as the rider in front of hundreds of fourth!
However, I am grateful to the floods in Johor last month opened the eyes of many parties to be more aware that climate change is not rhetoric professor and environmentalist. The issue becomes one of the most important agenda of the moment, including among the leading corporate figures and leaders of developed countries.
Second: I propose a design for the main sectors that are directly related to climate change such as energy, transport, agriculture, industry and environmental conservation are reviewed from the perspective of a more proactive role to reduce carbon emissions.
In a sense, as developing countries, we can get for free costs through the CDM mechanism. I also think that:
- Linkages between sectors are not clearly related to energy and climate policy. On the one hand we provide biodiesel to Europe, but we did not try to use it extensively.
- Renewable energy sector (renewable energy) should be given more incentives to grow.
- Emission of carbon from the transport sector strategy should begin with more planned.
- All reports and policy development needs to be processed again by taking into account the effects of climate change.
- All ag
encies must have specific targets to address climate change issues.
Third: The implementation of large development projects approved should be examined more holistically, particularly involving changes in climate and weather cycles such as water supply, irrigation, drainage, forestry, fisheries, agriculture and tourism. The project is risky and may not achieve its goals if a new climate cycle is not taken into consideration.
For example, what is the use we menggondolkan forest to build a dam if the dam is finally unable to hold water for use during the dry season. That is why - in this column many times I mentioned the fact that many developed countries no longer build dams upstream, but instead of water reservoirs in the river or the estuary is through projects like the Marina Barrage in Singapore.
As a result, lower-cost, sure enough water, reduced pollution as all the responsibility to conserve water in the river and the effects of climate change can be reduced through forest conservation.
In a press release in Paris on 2 February, the group working on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which comprises more than 600 authors from 40 countries announced the publication of the first volume of a special report for policy makers, entitled Climate Change 2007.
The first volume covers the basic science on the causes of climate change, evidence of climate change is detected, the scientific methods used to assess the diversity of the causes and predictions of future climate change.
Reports said the content of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide increased significantly due to various human activities since 1.750. Content was 30 times higher than the era before the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric records for 650,000 years.
The increase in carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel use and land-use changes, especially the destruction of forests, while methane and nitrous oxide due to unsustainable farming methods.
According to the NASA report, melting of ice at the poles when it stood at nine percent per decade. The thickness of Arctic ice at the poles down 40 percent since the 1960s. The IPCC report also states that the incidence of category 4 and 5 hurricanes has doubled in the past 30 years. Meanwhile, the usual flood predicted to occur every 100 years would be more likely to occur between 10 and 20 years, including in areas not included in the list of flood risk.
The IPCC forecasts that global warming trend and the impact of this climate of uncertainty is expected to increase further. Over the last century, the earth's surface temperature increased 0.6 ° C. However, much scientific evidence shows that in this century, global temperature will rise 1.4 to 5.8 ° C. Temperature increase is expected to affect human life, including sea level rise of between nine and 88 centimeters (CM) which endanger coastal areas and small islands.
What to do in the situation now? In my opinion, we need to do three strategic steps as soon as possible.
First: Environmental education is more comprehensive. In this regard, I welcome the steps the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation hold a seminar on climate change in Kuala Lumpur, May. Such measures are necessary because there are many in this country do not understand the issue of climate change, including policy makers and professionals.
Perhaps that is why the issue of climate change is not directly into the premises and concerns in the formulation of national development strategies such as the Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK-9) and the 2007 Budget.
For example, the RMK-9 reports the phrase 'climate change' is cornered in chapter 22 of article 19 of the 'initiatives' on page 485. That only explains about Malaysia's involvement in the IPCC. While the clean development mechanism or CDM, which is one of the methods of reducing carbon emissions into the atmosphere described in the final of the energy sector, in chapter 19, article 46 on page 430.
Reading the official documents about the planning of development in recent years in fact intimidate me, because climate change is far cornered, just as the rider in front of hundreds of fourth!
However, I am grateful to the floods in Johor last month opened the eyes of many parties to be more aware that climate change is not rhetoric professor and environmentalist. The issue becomes one of the most important agenda of the moment, including among the leading corporate figures and leaders of developed countries.
Second: I propose a design for the main sectors that are directly related to climate change such as energy, transport, agriculture, industry and environmental conservation are reviewed from the perspective of a more proactive role to reduce carbon emissions.
In a sense, as developing countries, we can get for free costs through the CDM mechanism. I also think that:
- Linkages between sectors are not clearly related to energy and climate policy. On the one hand we provide biodiesel to Europe, but we did not try to use it extensively.
- Renewable energy sector (renewable energy) should be given more incentives to grow.
- Emission of carbon from the transport sector strategy should begin with more planned.
- All reports and policy development needs to be processed again by taking into account the effects of climate change.
- All ag
encies must have specific targets to address climate change issues.
Third: The implementation of large development projects approved should be examined more holistically, particularly involving changes in climate and weather cycles such as water supply, irrigation, drainage, forestry, fisheries, agriculture and tourism. The project is risky and may not achieve its goals if a new climate cycle is not taken into consideration.
For example, what is the use we menggondolkan forest to build a dam if the dam is finally unable to hold water for use during the dry season. That is why - in this column many times I mentioned the fact that many developed countries no longer build dams upstream, but instead of water reservoirs in the river or the estuary is through projects like the Marina Barrage in Singapore.
As a result, lower-cost, sure enough water, reduced pollution as all the responsibility to conserve water in the river and the effects of climate change can be reduced through forest conservation.
World leaders signed the strategic plan of global warming effects
DALAM senarai agenda dan keutamaan kebanyakan pemimpin dunia pada 2007, isu perubahan iklim dan peningkatan suhu bumi adalah antara yang terpenting. Demikian menurut Daniel Franklin, pengarang The World in 2007, terbitan khas tahunan majalah tersohor The Economist. Isu itu memerlukan strategi dan perancangan baru, bukan saja dalam sektor tenaga dan sumber air, bahkan dalam seluruh dimensi kehidupan yang semakin berisiko dan terancam.
Dalam kenyataan akhbar di Paris pada 2 Februari lalu, kumpulan kerja Panel Antara Kerajaan Mengenai Perubahan Iklim (IPCC) yang dianggotai lebih 600 penulis daripada 40 negara mengumumkan penerbitan jilid pertama laporan khusus untuk pembuat dasar, berjudul Climate Change 2007.
Jilid pertama itu merangkumi asas sains mengenai faktor penyebab perubahan iklim, bukti perubahan iklim yang dikesan, kaedah saintifik yang digunakan untuk menilai kepelbagaian faktor penyebab dan ramalan perubahan iklim masa depan.
Laporan itu menyebut kandungan gas rumah kaca terutama karbon dioksida, metana dan oksida nitrus meningkat dengan ketara disebabkan pelbagai aktiviti manusia sejak 1,750. Kandungan itu 30 kali lebih tinggi berbanding era sebelum Revolusi Industri, berdasarkan rekod atmosfera selama 650,000 tahun.
Peningkatan karbon dioksida disebabkan penggunaan bahan api fosil dan perubahan guna tanah khususnya pemusnahan hutan, sementara metana dan oksida nitrus berpunca daripada kaedah pertanian yang tidak lestari.
Menurut laporan NASA, pencairan ais di kutub ketika ini berada pada paras sembilan peratus, setiap dekad. Ketebalan ais di kutub Artik berkurangan 40 peratus sejak 1960-an. Laporan IPCC juga menyebut bahawa kejadian taufan Kategori 4 dan 5 meningkat sekali ganda dalam tempoh 30 tahun lalu. Sementara itu, banjir besar yang biasa diramalkan berlaku setiap 100 tahun akan menjadi lebih kerap berlaku antara 10 hingga 20 tahun, termasuk di kawasan yang tidak termasuk dalam senarai berisiko banjir.
Ramalan IPCC itu menunjukkan trend peningkatan suhu bumi dan kesan ketidaktentuan cuaca ini dijangka terus meningkat. Sepanjang abad lalu, suhu permukaan bumi meningkat 0.6°C. Namun, banyak bukti saintifik menunjukkan bahawa pada abad ini, suhu bumi akan meningkat 1.4 hingga 5.8°C. Peningkatan suhu ini dijangka memberi kesan kepada kehidupan manusia, termasuk kenaikan paras laut antara sembilan dan 88 sentimeter (CM) yang membahayakan kawasan pantai dan pulau kecil.
Apakah langkah yang perlu dilakukan dalam keadaan sekarang? Pada hemat saya, kita perlu melakukan tiga langkah strategik dengan segera.
Pertama: Pendidikan alam sekitar yang lebih komprehensif. Sehubungan itu, saya mengalu-alukan langkah Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi mengadakan seminar perubahan cuaca di Kuala Lumpur, Mei ini. Langkah itu memang perlu kerana masih ramai di negara ini belum memahami isu perubahan iklim, termasuk pembuat dasar dan profesional.
Barangkali itulah juga sebabnya isu perubahan iklim tidak langsung menjadi premis dan kebimbangan dalam penggubalan strategi pembangunan negara seperti Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan (RMK-9) dan Bajet 2007.
Sebagai contoh, dalam laporan RMK-9 frasa ‘perubahan iklim’ hanya tersudut dalam bab 22 pasal 19 mengenai ‘inisiatif lain’ pada halaman 485. Itupun hanya menjelaskan mengenai pembabitan Malaysia dalam IPCC. Sementara mekanisme pembangunan bersih atau CDM, iaitu satu daripada kaedah pengurangan pelepasan gas karbon ke atmosfera diungkapkan dalam para akhir sektor tenaga, dalam bab ke 19, pasal 46 pada halaman 430.
Membaca dokumen rasmi mengenai perancangan pembangunan sejak beberapa tahun lalu sebenarnya menakutkan saya, kerana isu perubahan iklim masih jauh tersudut, hanya sebagai catatan tambahan di muka ratusan keempat!
Namun, saya bersyukur kerana banjir di Johor bulan lalu membuka mata banyak pihak untuk lebih sedar bahawa isu perubahan iklim bukan retorik profesor dan pencinta alam sekitar. Isu itu menjadi satu daripada agenda terpenting ketika ini, termasuk di kalangan tokoh korporat ulung dan pemimpin negara maju.
Kedua: Saya mencadangkan agar perancangan sektor utama yang berkait langsung dengan perubahan iklim seperti tenaga, pengangkutan, pertanian, perindustrian dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar dikaji semula dari perspektif lebih proaktif untuk mengurangkan pelepasan gas karbon.
Dari satu segi, sebagai negara membangun, kita boleh mendapatkan biaya secara percuma menerusi mekanisme CDM. Saya juga berpendapat bahawa:
– Hubung kait yang tidak jelas antara sektor tenaga dan dasar berkaitan iklim. Di satu pihak kita membekalkan biodiesel ke Eropah, tetapi kita tidak berusaha menggunakannya secara meluas.
– Sektor tenaga boleh diperbaharui (renewable energy) perlu diberi lebih banyak insentif untuk berkembang.
– Pelepasan gas karbon dari sektor pengangkutan perlu dimulakan dengan strategi lebih terancang.
– Semua laporan dan dasar pembangunan perlu diolah semula dengan mengambil kira kesan perubahan iklim.
– Semua agensi perlu mempunyai sasaran khusus untuk menangani persoalan perubahan iklim.
Ketiga: Pelaksanaan projek besar pembangunan yang diluluskan perlu dikaji secara lebih holistik, khususnya membabitkan perubahan iklim dan kitaran cuaca seperti sumber air, pengairan, saliran, perhutanan, perikanan, pertanian dan pelancongan. Projek itu berisiko dan mungkin tidak mencapai sasarannya jika kitaran cuaca yang baru tidak diberi pertimbangan.
Sebagai contoh, apalah gunanya kita menggondolkan hutan untuk membina empangan jika akhirnya empangan itu tidak mampu menakung air untuk kegunaan pada musim kemarau. Itulah sebabnya – dalam ruangan ini berkali-kali saya sebutkan fakta bahawa banyak negara maju tidak lagi membina empangan di hulu, sebaliknya membuat takungan air di hilir sungai atau di muara seperti dilakukan menerusi projek Marina Barrage di Singapura.
Hasilnya, kos lebih murah, air sudah pasti mencukupi, pencemaran berkurangan kerana semua pihak bertanggungjawab untuk memulihara sumber air di hilir sungai dan kesan perubahan iklim dapat dikurangkan dengan pelestarian hutan.
INTI PATI
Seluruh dimensi kehidupan makin berisiko dan terancam dengan perubahan iklim dan peningkatan suhu bumi.
Banjir besar yang biasa diramalkan berlaku setiap 100 tahun lebih kerap berlaku antara 10 hingga 20 tahun.
Pendidikan lebih komprehensif, perancangan sektor utama yang berkait langsung dengan perubahan iklim perlu diberi penekanan untuk memulihara alam sekitar.
Berlawanan dengan agenda kebanyakan pemimpin dunia yang menjadikan isu perubahan iklim antara yang terpenting, pembuat dasar dan profesional di negara ini tidak banyak kesedaran contohnya dalam laporan RMK-9 frasa ‘perubahan iklim’ hanya tersudut dalam bab 22 pasal 19 mengenai ‘inisiatif lain’ pada halaman 485.
Dalam kenyataan akhbar di Paris pada 2 Februari lalu, kumpulan kerja Panel Antara Kerajaan Mengenai Perubahan Iklim (IPCC) yang dianggotai lebih 600 penulis daripada 40 negara mengumumkan penerbitan jilid pertama laporan khusus untuk pembuat dasar, berjudul Climate Change 2007.
Jilid pertama itu merangkumi asas sains mengenai faktor penyebab perubahan iklim, bukti perubahan iklim yang dikesan, kaedah saintifik yang digunakan untuk menilai kepelbagaian faktor penyebab dan ramalan perubahan iklim masa depan.
Laporan itu menyebut kandungan gas rumah kaca terutama karbon dioksida, metana dan oksida nitrus meningkat dengan ketara disebabkan pelbagai aktiviti manusia sejak 1,750. Kandungan itu 30 kali lebih tinggi berbanding era sebelum Revolusi Industri, berdasarkan rekod atmosfera selama 650,000 tahun.
Peningkatan karbon dioksida disebabkan penggunaan bahan api fosil dan perubahan guna tanah khususnya pemusnahan hutan, sementara metana dan oksida nitrus berpunca daripada kaedah pertanian yang tidak lestari.
Menurut laporan NASA, pencairan ais di kutub ketika ini berada pada paras sembilan peratus, setiap dekad. Ketebalan ais di kutub Artik berkurangan 40 peratus sejak 1960-an. Laporan IPCC juga menyebut bahawa kejadian taufan Kategori 4 dan 5 meningkat sekali ganda dalam tempoh 30 tahun lalu. Sementara itu, banjir besar yang biasa diramalkan berlaku setiap 100 tahun akan menjadi lebih kerap berlaku antara 10 hingga 20 tahun, termasuk di kawasan yang tidak termasuk dalam senarai berisiko banjir.
Ramalan IPCC itu menunjukkan trend peningkatan suhu bumi dan kesan ketidaktentuan cuaca ini dijangka terus meningkat. Sepanjang abad lalu, suhu permukaan bumi meningkat 0.6°C. Namun, banyak bukti saintifik menunjukkan bahawa pada abad ini, suhu bumi akan meningkat 1.4 hingga 5.8°C. Peningkatan suhu ini dijangka memberi kesan kepada kehidupan manusia, termasuk kenaikan paras laut antara sembilan dan 88 sentimeter (CM) yang membahayakan kawasan pantai dan pulau kecil.
Apakah langkah yang perlu dilakukan dalam keadaan sekarang? Pada hemat saya, kita perlu melakukan tiga langkah strategik dengan segera.
Pertama: Pendidikan alam sekitar yang lebih komprehensif. Sehubungan itu, saya mengalu-alukan langkah Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi mengadakan seminar perubahan cuaca di Kuala Lumpur, Mei ini. Langkah itu memang perlu kerana masih ramai di negara ini belum memahami isu perubahan iklim, termasuk pembuat dasar dan profesional.
Barangkali itulah juga sebabnya isu perubahan iklim tidak langsung menjadi premis dan kebimbangan dalam penggubalan strategi pembangunan negara seperti Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan (RMK-9) dan Bajet 2007.
Sebagai contoh, dalam laporan RMK-9 frasa ‘perubahan iklim’ hanya tersudut dalam bab 22 pasal 19 mengenai ‘inisiatif lain’ pada halaman 485. Itupun hanya menjelaskan mengenai pembabitan Malaysia dalam IPCC. Sementara mekanisme pembangunan bersih atau CDM, iaitu satu daripada kaedah pengurangan pelepasan gas karbon ke atmosfera diungkapkan dalam para akhir sektor tenaga, dalam bab ke 19, pasal 46 pada halaman 430.
Membaca dokumen rasmi mengenai perancangan pembangunan sejak beberapa tahun lalu sebenarnya menakutkan saya, kerana isu perubahan iklim masih jauh tersudut, hanya sebagai catatan tambahan di muka ratusan keempat!
Namun, saya bersyukur kerana banjir di Johor bulan lalu membuka mata banyak pihak untuk lebih sedar bahawa isu perubahan iklim bukan retorik profesor dan pencinta alam sekitar. Isu itu menjadi satu daripada agenda terpenting ketika ini, termasuk di kalangan tokoh korporat ulung dan pemimpin negara maju.
Kedua: Saya mencadangkan agar perancangan sektor utama yang berkait langsung dengan perubahan iklim seperti tenaga, pengangkutan, pertanian, perindustrian dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar dikaji semula dari perspektif lebih proaktif untuk mengurangkan pelepasan gas karbon.
Dari satu segi, sebagai negara membangun, kita boleh mendapatkan biaya secara percuma menerusi mekanisme CDM. Saya juga berpendapat bahawa:
– Hubung kait yang tidak jelas antara sektor tenaga dan dasar berkaitan iklim. Di satu pihak kita membekalkan biodiesel ke Eropah, tetapi kita tidak berusaha menggunakannya secara meluas.
– Sektor tenaga boleh diperbaharui (renewable energy) perlu diberi lebih banyak insentif untuk berkembang.
– Pelepasan gas karbon dari sektor pengangkutan perlu dimulakan dengan strategi lebih terancang.
– Semua laporan dan dasar pembangunan perlu diolah semula dengan mengambil kira kesan perubahan iklim.
– Semua agensi perlu mempunyai sasaran khusus untuk menangani persoalan perubahan iklim.
Ketiga: Pelaksanaan projek besar pembangunan yang diluluskan perlu dikaji secara lebih holistik, khususnya membabitkan perubahan iklim dan kitaran cuaca seperti sumber air, pengairan, saliran, perhutanan, perikanan, pertanian dan pelancongan. Projek itu berisiko dan mungkin tidak mencapai sasarannya jika kitaran cuaca yang baru tidak diberi pertimbangan.
Sebagai contoh, apalah gunanya kita menggondolkan hutan untuk membina empangan jika akhirnya empangan itu tidak mampu menakung air untuk kegunaan pada musim kemarau. Itulah sebabnya – dalam ruangan ini berkali-kali saya sebutkan fakta bahawa banyak negara maju tidak lagi membina empangan di hulu, sebaliknya membuat takungan air di hilir sungai atau di muara seperti dilakukan menerusi projek Marina Barrage di Singapura.
Hasilnya, kos lebih murah, air sudah pasti mencukupi, pencemaran berkurangan kerana semua pihak bertanggungjawab untuk memulihara sumber air di hilir sungai dan kesan perubahan iklim dapat dikurangkan dengan pelestarian hutan.
INTI PATI
Seluruh dimensi kehidupan makin berisiko dan terancam dengan perubahan iklim dan peningkatan suhu bumi.
Banjir besar yang biasa diramalkan berlaku setiap 100 tahun lebih kerap berlaku antara 10 hingga 20 tahun.
Pendidikan lebih komprehensif, perancangan sektor utama yang berkait langsung dengan perubahan iklim perlu diberi penekanan untuk memulihara alam sekitar.
Berlawanan dengan agenda kebanyakan pemimpin dunia yang menjadikan isu perubahan iklim antara yang terpenting, pembuat dasar dan profesional di negara ini tidak banyak kesedaran contohnya dalam laporan RMK-9 frasa ‘perubahan iklim’ hanya tersudut dalam bab 22 pasal 19 mengenai ‘inisiatif lain’ pada halaman 485.
Friday, December 24, 2010
Global warming health impairment.
Skin cancer.
Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere contributes to global warming and the subsequent increase in damage the ozone layer. If under normal circumstances, the earth's atmosphere can hold 95 percent of ultraviolet radiation ofthe sun, and only five percent of the radiation that penetrates the earth, but now that layer is not able to sustain, especially around the south pole.
This situation can lead to people in the area is exposed to skin cancer.However, it does not mean that we are free here to be exposed in the sun without anyprotection. We can do: Make sure you apply the cream or lotion sunscreen 20 minutes before you leave home. Preferably with SPF 15 or lebih.Sebaik possible, apply thecream as well as in both ears and your feet. If you feel you would be in the sun for along period of time, choose a lotion with SPF 30 or higher. It effectively resist theharmful rays of the sun on your skin.
Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere contributes to global warming and the subsequent increase in damage the ozone layer. If under normal circumstances, the earth's atmosphere can hold 95 percent of ultraviolet radiation ofthe sun, and only five percent of the radiation that penetrates the earth, but now that layer is not able to sustain, especially around the south pole.
This situation can lead to people in the area is exposed to skin cancer.However, it does not mean that we are free here to be exposed in the sun without anyprotection. We can do: Make sure you apply the cream or lotion sunscreen 20 minutes before you leave home. Preferably with SPF 15 or lebih.Sebaik possible, apply thecream as well as in both ears and your feet. If you feel you would be in the sun for along period of time, choose a lotion with SPF 30 or higher. It effectively resist theharmful rays of the sun on your skin.
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