DEFROST ICE in the Arctic - EFFECT TO LAND AND PEOPLE

Recently the newspapers diipaparkan iceberg image size of 500 meters long and 50 meters high floating in the ocean. Block of ice separated from the mainland. What really happened?









The main factor is global warming causing melting iceberg itu.Sekumpulan expert researchers explore the North Pole (Arctic) to do research is really worried by the phenomenon. The expedition, led by researchers Pen Hadow with his friends Martin Hartley and Ann Daniels predicted that most likely will not be covered the northern polar ice in tempon a decade. Even if the scenario 'iceberg floating' occurred, aia will certainly trigger a new phenomenon when the Arctic sea turned into a no-block arrangement of block ice. Thinning ice occurred rapidly.

This phenomenon is not new. It has been voiced by researchers many years ago when humans no longer ignore the screams and agony of this planet earth to begin to respond, especially when the global warming since the beginning of the 1940s. The issue of global climate change is a threat to life on earth. If not handled properly, then life on earth will be confronted with natural disasters are difficult to predict.

These symptoms have actually seen. Among them, record temperatures in the Arctic has reached up to four degrees Celsius above normal levels between October and December 2008. It never happened before. Summer ice cover in the Arctic this year is the third smallest according to reports over the years around 1979-2006 and is now shrinking Arctic sea about 11.2 per cent in each decade. The actual amount of ice cover has been progressively depleted in less than a year. In 2008 recorded a loss of Arctic ice in the percentage of the number nine, a sharp decline compared to 2007 (21%) are said to be the year when the most drastic melting Arctic. Imagine what remains when the surface ice in the Arctic lower from year to year. The old ice in the Arctic only a 19 per cent compared to the years between 1981 and 2000 in which its existence is still living as much as 52 percent before the ice thickness has declined to 0.68 meters between 2004 and 2008.
This is really worrying.

The Arctic Ocean is a key position in the earth's climate system, and whether consciously or not block-the block of ice melting is now also giving a negative response to the climate of the earth and its effect is much more than the Arctic alone. The minimum ice cover in the Arctic this year is just 4.13 million square kilometers compared to last year. These changes eventually will clearly affect the people who have traditionally lived in the Arctic.

Certainly crossed our minds and how the fate of the world's population if the ice in the Arctic and Antarctica melt and disappear from view. At that time, the world may have to bid farewell to the affected countries such as Bangladesh, northern Europe, part of Siberia, the Amazon, mainland China and includes some of the landmass in the southeastern United States. Scary!








So governments around the world must unite to establish a committee to formulate policies from 2013 on measures to address global climate change since the first phase, known as the Kyoto Protocol will expire in December 2012. World leaders need to get approval from all 191 countries on a new agreement which will be held at the Summit of the United Nations (UN) in Copanhagen, Denmark in December 2009. The new policy will create a joint venture around the world to work together to take any steps to address this issue. We and all mankind on this earth to play their role even though little pests to ensure the world does not continue to sink. We willing to?

Cause of Global Warming

Global warming (global warming) is the phenomenon of global temperature increase due to the greenhouse effect (greenhouse effect) due to increased emissions of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), dinitrooksida (N2O) and CFC so that the solar energy trapped in the earth's atmosphere .

Various literature mentions that the increase in global temperature occurred in the range of 1.5? 40 Celsius by the end of the 21st century.
Global warming cause widespread and serious impacts to the bio-geophysical environment (such as melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels, expanding deserts, increasing rainfall and flooding, climate change, extinction of certain flora and fauna, migratory fauna and pest diseases, etc. .)
While the impact on the socio-economic activities of society. Among others: disruption of the function of coastal and beach cities. In addition, disruption of function of infrastructure and facilities such as roads, ports and airports. Also disruption of settlements, the reduction of agricultural productivity, to increased risk of cancer and disease. (various sources)

picture global warming

The fact that the result shows that the heat wave that occurred in June 2003 killed 25,000 European people. Meanwhile, according to BBC reports, the extreme winter conditions that occurred in December 2003, has been caused the death of the UK citizen in 2500. Even according to the WHO report in December 2003, global warming has killed 150 thousand people each year. According to WHO estimates, in 30 years, mortality caused by global warming will be reached 300 thousand per year.

now lies in the hands of your decision before its too late

Help Stop Global Warming With a Solar Power System

Today, the world calls for more responsible ways of doing things. Global warming is becoming worse every day. With this kind of phenomenon in front of us, we must be more accountable to environmentally degrading methods and take necessary steps in order to put a stop to these irresponsible ways. One most needed action that we can take is to reduce our carbon emission. Since we cannot really totally abandon the way we truly live, we can at least employ more environment friendly ways to help alleviate global warming. There are many ways by which a person can reduce his carbon emission. Many of these things are actually practical and easy ways. But if you are seeking to be more active in this endeavor you can take a step farther and install a solar power system in your home. It runs the electricity in a more efficient and eco-friendly way.

Sounds impossible? Even if you think that this is not doable, I know that it has caught your attention. Read the rest of the article and become familiar with this technology. The thing is that the environment-friendly feature is not the only striking benefit that solar panels can promise you and your family. It is also developed to help people like you save a lot of money.

A simple solar panel has the ability to harness the energy of the sun so that it can be used to power certain machines. In this sense, the sun's energy can create electricity when you have developed a consolidated solar power system. Science recognizes this technology, but you will not find a lot of solar panels out in the market. While some people are doubtful against its effectiveness, companies do produce them because of reduced returns. A technology as good as this must not kept from the public, especially when it can help alleviate the global warming phenomenon. With this, I advice you to consult a useful manual that can help you create a solar power system in your home. This is better than buying a unit or succumbing to monstrous electricity bills.

Using solar panels is an alternative and environment-friendly pursuit because they help you lessen your carbon emissions. The logic is that you harness the power generated by something that is already present on earth. These are the sun and the wind. In addition, it helps the environment not only because of reduced emissions, but also because people who employ this technology become more aware about such this advocacy. While the former is the best benefit for the environment, the latter creates more environment advocates so that your actions are not only confined to saving energy, but to other global warming issues as well.

If you are interested in how to make a solar power system at home, visit this site to learn more:http://www.GreenEnergy4Home.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Darren_T_Chow

Global Warming & Its Effects By Nicolas DAlleva

Each year the United States spends over 20 million dollars buying fossil fuels. This country emits one fourth of the world's greenhouse gases; the most prominent of these gases is carbon dioxide, which is released from the burning of fossil fuels. Global warming has been a global issue for many years now. Some countries and people claim to be only vaguely concerned with the cause because they were unaware or uninformed of the issue. Roger Revelle, an oceanographer, helped to call out the problem to the public. After not receiving much feedback towards his cause, he criticized different governments in a jocular manner. He called warming "the great geophysical experiment." He said, "The experiment is to load the atmosphere with as much carbon dioxide as possible, add a few other harmful gases, and see what happens." Recently, several countries have been passing laws to prevent the world's overheated destiny. Even with the setting of new rules and regulations, the earth continues to warm each year. Minimal efforts made to reduce the release of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the rate and intensity of global warming.

The most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years. Many people are unaware that global warming causes and changes all types of weather. The heating of the earth causes the magnitude and strength of weather conditions to increase. As the oceans get warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation. In addition, many coastal cities and regions have recently been experiencing flooding, caused by the melting of the polar icecaps. The Arctic's perennial icecaps decline in area by nine percent each year. In the past thirty years, over ten national records were set for the highest temperatures in the summer and winter. Droughts and forest fires have been occurring dramatically more often in the past century. All of these effects have been directly linked to the release of greenhouse gases.

Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature. The number of animals per specie has been decreasing annually due to harsh environmental changes. As the polar icecaps melt, all creatures that live there are left without shelter. For example, as seal dens have been melting, the number of seals has dropped. Events that occur in the spring, such as mating, migrating, laying eggs, and returning from hibernation have been taking place approximately 5.1 days earlier than they were fifty years ago. The early occurrence of these events proves that the earth is getting warmer each year. More proof of warming is the evidence of many animals traveling farther from the equator as they migrate. Although this change has been occurring with various creatures, butterflies and mosquitoes are being found the farthest from their natural habitats. Even though butterflies do not cause any known problems with the environment, mosquitoes are carries of malaria. This deadly disease has dangerously spread to new regions across the globe. If the world continues to warm, this issue, along with many others, will continue to grow.

A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants. Vegetation in an area differs concurrently with the climate of that same area. Throughout many parts of the world, flowers bloom 7 days earlier and trees reproduce 10 days earlier, both since 1900. As the growing seasons vary from very wet to very dry, agricultural growth cannot adapt. In some recent years, regions' crops have been both flooded and dried out. Due to the depletion of the ozone, many crops cannot survive. Another problem is the movement and increase of allergens. Carbon in the atmosphere allows plants to go through photosynthesis more rapidly, allowing allergens to grow in number. This evidence found throughout all of nature makes it very clear that global warming is a huge issue.

A combination of various actions and, in some cases, not enough action causes global warming in the world today. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, along with the other greenhouse gases of methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluocarbons, is the cause of the greenhouse effect. This effect is dangerously increasing as the gases are being released in greater quantities. These gases not only build up to keep heat in the atmosphere, but they also thin the ozone layer. Some areas have been so thinned by the gases that there are holes present in the ozone. These dangerous holes allow harmful UV rays from the sun to reach the earth. UV rays are the main cause of skin cancer. As the earth continues to increase its pollution level each year, the number of skin cancer patients increases.

Because it releases carbon dioxide into the air, the burning of fossil fuels is an environmentally harmful practice. Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by seawater. If the water is cold, it can hold more gas. Unfortunately, with global warming, the temperature of the oceans has been increasing. As the temperatures increase, more carbon dioxide is released. This vicious circle will continue to occur unless scientists cannot this from occurring. Particularly, petrol, or gasoline, is a leading source of the release of these carbon dioxide compounds. Petrol contains hydrocarbons that release carbon dioxide when they are burned. This reaction is unfortunately unavoidable. The only solution is a different fuel source. Carbon dioxide, once released, lasts up to 100 years in the atmosphere. It is the most abundant heat-absorbent gas besides water vapor, which is not considered as a greenhouse gas because it rains back to the earth in a continuous cycle. The Mauna Loa Observatory has been measuring the level of carbon dioxide daily since 1958. Since their research began, the level in the atmosphere has drastically increased by 47 parts per million. Carbon dioxide makes up about one-half of the causes of global warming.

Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere. Methane, the next most prominent harmful gas, comes from cattle, asphalt, coal, oil, and rice fields. Lasting only ten years, methane absorbs thirty times more heat than carbon dioxide. Another greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, lasts approximately 180 years and absorbs 200 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide comes from microbes in soil that are found in fertilizers. Slash-and-burn farming and the burning of some fossil fuels also emit nitrous oxide. The final greenhouse gas, chlorofluocarbon, lasts 400 years in the air and retains 16, 000 times more heat. Chlorofluocarbons escape from various cooling systems. The combination of these four gases results in the retention of intense amounts of heat.

Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming. On February 3, 2007, French president, Jacques Chirac, proposed a new plan to prevent global warming. He stated, "It's our responsibility. The future of humanity demands it." Forty-five nations, not including the United States, joined him in his efforts. Al Gore, however, is very involved with global warming and the greenhouse effect; he supports Chirac and plans to help. As it is the largest contributor to global warming, the United States unfortunately supports only voluntary reduction programs.

The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy. To some people, global warming is not of their concern because they feel it does not affect them. Although they may not realize it, global warming affects everyone, especially the future generations. Scientists mathematically simulate the globe's weather systems. Their complex equations, called general circulation models (GCMs), are so complex and involve countless elements that they can take days to solve. Environmentalists verify that the hazardous combination of flooding and drought will significantly increase within the next century. The standard sea level has been rising annually for a while now. Some say that if the earth continues on the path it is on, then 95% of the Great Barrier Reef will disappear by 2075. They calculate that the glaciers in Glacier National Park could melt by 2030, and 37% of all species could be extinct by 2050.

Scientists directly link disease to global warming. Exposure to various climate or animal related diseases will increase in number and possibly brutality. Experts agree that skin cancer's rapid rate of increase could be caused by the holes in the ozone layer. As these holes grow in size and number, the quantity of patients will also increase. Aside from natural and heath issues, the world's economy is also at risk. Ross Gelbspan, author of Boiling Point, a book about Earth's climate change from global warming, spoke about his book to the public in 2004 stating, "Climate issues will eventually tear holes in the global economy." Research can show that if current weather patterns continue, the cost of insurance will increase drastically over the next few years. Gelbspan is one of many authors and scientists who look into the future to warn people what is to come; unfortunately, most people do not listen.

When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation. Many people do not realize that if they can slow the rapid warming process, then there will be more time to develop alternate energy sources, such as nuclear fusion. Holland and Germany, along with several small countries, have recognized this possibility and have committed to an 80% reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. If the United States would get involved in a program such as this, then the greenhouse effect would occur much slower than it does today. The world, especially America, needs to take action now. Stephen H. Schneider of the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCRA) once stated, "By the time we find the greenhouse warming had damaged earth's ability to feed its people, it will be too late to do much about it."

In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming; the greenhouse gasses suffocate the earth more each day. If countries make a greater effort to slow global warming, the world's predestination may not be reached until many years later. Individually, people can recycle, use fuel-efficient cars, carpool, and simply raise awareness. As said by Elmer Robinson, the director of Mauna Loa Observatory had once said while speaking of global warming, "The true enemy is us."

The author Nicolas DAlleva is a writer for Specialty Answering Service. Specialty is available as an Ohio answering service and Michigan answering service provider. They answer for each client 24 hours a day and follow their instructions to handle each inbound or outbound communication perfectly. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nicolas_DAlleva

How Global Warming is Bad for Animals by fishing organizations

When it comes to global warming, much of the focus is placed on how it can impact us, personally, and future generations to come. As important as this is, it is also important to remember that global warming stretches far beyond human impact. Wildlife will also be affected by global warming as well. In fact, the affects of global warming on wildlife often have a direct relation to the human affects.

What we need to remember about global warming is that it is causing a slight rise in the earth's temperatures. Although scattered, many cities and towns on the ground are experiencing an increase in temperatures as well. In fact, many record high temperatures are being shattered. While this may leave us, humans, feeling hot, uncomfortable and wanting to spend all day in the pool, it is having an even bigger impact on wildlife.

For starters, it is important to examine polar bears. In fact, when many individuals think of global warming and wildlife, polar bears are the first thought that comes to mind. This is due in part to the media attention that is circulating them. Many environmentalists and wildlife experts feel that polar bears will become extinct in certain areas of the world, due to melting ice. This ice melting is directly related to the earth's increase in temperatures. Unfortunately, polar bears rely on ice shelves when hunting. Many are unable to swim long distances without them. If polar bears do not perish because of the extended swims, they will because of the lack of food in the area.

Birds are another form of wildlife that can be impacted greatly by global warming. As our temperatures increase, birds are starting to change their migration paths. These migration changes are expected to increase in numbers in the future. While this may seem like an exciting prospect for birdwatchers, it can have negative consequences on the birds themselves. Many birds, especially migratory birds, have a set pattern that they follow. This pattern also depends on their ability to get food. The changes in this pattern can lead to trouble for many migratory birds, who essentially travel too far as the weather misleads them.

Bird and polar bears are not the only forms of wildlife that will be affected by global warming. Insects, mice, and other rodents will also change their habitats. You will see that if the conditions are right, many will stay on the move. Unfortunately for us, rodents and many insects, such as mosquitoes often bring diseases along with them. Yes, many of these diseases are treatable, but it will take time to adjust. In fact, a wide spread panic may ensue if area that was previously disease free starts to see changes. In this aspect, global warming can cause harm to both humans and wildlife.

If you are an animal lover or if you value your health and the health of your future family members to come, you may want to take action. In fact, that is why global warming is seeing an increase in media coverage, as many scientists and wildlife experts want you to take action. A few of the many ways that you can help, not just wildlife, but the planet in general, is by reducing the carbon dioxide emissions that you release into the earth's atmosphere, whether it comes from your home, car, or place of business.

About the Author

Go join some fishing organizations.

The Effects Of Global Warming - How To Live With Them. by Erik Leipoldt

Many effects of global warming are with us now. Rising temperatures and ocean levels. Melting glaciers and polar ice.

But do you know what these will mean to you? Or to your children?

And what you can do. You, tiny individual among 6 billion people.

Perhaps if we all had a clearer idea about the effects in our daily lives, we would try to do more about global warming. I am betting that more knowledge on this subject is a good thing, despite its shock-and-awe effects.

So, read on you brave learner!

Briefly, the effects of global warming include these:

* Extreme weather

* Rising oceans

* Food and water resources

* Human health

* Economic

* War and conflicts, and

* Further global warming

And each effect affects another, closely connected to the Earth's web of life.

Do you know that today's average surface temperature is up by about half a degree Celcius compared to temperatures in 1890? "Half a degree!" you exclaim. So what?

Well, if half a degree has the power to melt all the glaciers on five continents, as it is doing now, then what would the prediction of about five degrees by the end of this century mean to your daily life?

But you do not live near any glaciers you say. OK. Consider this:

Glaciers are the source of many of the great rivers that keep crops irrigated, provide water for drinking and washing and let you enjoy fishing and swimming.

"But I live in a city and when I want water I open a tap. For swimming I have the bath and as far as fishing is concerned there's the local fish shop!"

Right, I see. It is difficult to get you to feel uncomfortable with effects of global warming.

How about this then.

Many organisations are concerned about the effects. The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts as most likely a 3C rise in global surface temperature by 2050. The UK's chief scientific advisor Professor King has warned that such a rise would put some 400 million people at risk of starvation. Even the Pentagon, that least of all greenie organisations, wrote a report in 2004 that highlighted predictions of

* Severe water shortages

* Severe energy shortages

* Mega droughts and floods

* Nuclear conflict,

* Famine

* Widespread rioting

* Wars over water and energy resources

* At 150 million migrating environmental refugees

And these are suggested to occur in the next 20 years. Not too far away is it? Got your attention now?

These effects would be felt everywhere - even by city dwellers who have forgotten what a cow looks like.

Overwhelmed? Understandable, but don't be. Mother Earth needs all the practical people like you who commit themselves to action.

There are two levels at which you can do that. Change the way you think and do something every day. No matter how small.

Change the way you think.

We are in this mess because we have come to believe that there are no limits to energy resources and whatever the Earth can provide. Progress is about material things rather than how we get on - with ourselves, with others and with our environments.

Einstein said that you cannot solve problems with the same thinking that caused them. True. To change our ingrained thinking a practical step would be to engage with people who know how to live well under highly challenging circumstances. To build positive relationships with them would help.

Who are they then?

People with disabilities and frail aged people often know how to live a sustainable, even a flourishing life, despite their vulnerable situation. They have learned that our world is interdependent and wellbeing is made through getting on well with others.

So, come on. Make a far-travelling ripple in the pond by throwing your pebble of direct action today, whenever it crosses your path. Give someone a hand, a smile or a chat. It will change your mindset and may prove the Pentagon wrong on some scores at least if enough of us do that.

Make some practical changes

Small acts can have big results.

For example if everyone changed just one traditional 75W light bulb for an 18W compact fluorescent one for four hours a day this small action could reduce greenhouse emissions by millions of tonnes annually. Just 100,000 tonnes is equivalent to taking some 22,000 cars off the road!

So this act causes real ripples.

What else? Let's see.

* Dress warmly and turn your thermostat down a degree on cold days

* Close your blinds to keep the sun out on hot days

* Turn off lights when you do not need them

* Turn the computer off when not in use

* Walk or cycle rather than take the car

* Use public transport

* Buy an energy-efficient car

* Insist on energy-efficient housing design

* Reduce your shower time - or shower together (Mmm, well that may be counter productive)

* Buy energy-efficient rated appliances. And...

* Use your creativity to save energy where you can. There is so much you can do to reduce further global warming.

Over to you.

Let it ripple!

About the Author

Dr Erik Leipoldt has long been concerned about the effects of global warming. He uses his experience of severe disability in practical approaches towards alternate energy sources to survive and thrive with climate change. See http://www.alternate-energy-sources.com/

Global warming and oxygen by JustinCooper

Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to
subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun's energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to
influence Earth's climate: humanity.Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels.
Find more information about the climate change, melting glaciers and rising global temperatures due to the environmental pollutions and industrial effluents. Know more about the recent measures taken by governments to address the global warming issue and steps taken to save our planet.
It's becoming increasingly clear that global warming may trigger many changes beyond the obvious change in temperature. Earlier this year I wrote about how rising carbon dioxide is driving down the pH of the oceans, with some potentially devastating consequences. Today in Yale Environment
360 I look at a potential change that's also starting to get scientists very worried: a drop in the oxygen dissolved in the world's oceans.
Global Warming is a dramatically urgent and serious problem. We don't need to wait for governments to find a solution for this problem: each individual can bring an important help adopting a more responsible lifestyle: starting from little, everyday things.Here is a list of simple things that everyone can do in order to fight against and reduce the Global Warming phenomenon: some of these ideas are at no cost, some other require a little effort or investment but can help you save a lot of money

1)Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb (cfl).
2)Install a programmable thermostat.
3) Move your thermostat down 2° in winter and up 2° in summer.
4) Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner.

About the Author

CONTACT US:Effect of global warming,How to reduce gobal warming

Americans Wiling To Take Actions to Address Global Warming Issue by Correy Putton

In a recent survey conducted by the International Communications Research, it was found out that majority consisting of 70 percent of the respondents to be exact are concerned about the threats of global warming. Eighty percent of the one thousand respondents also pointed out that the government needs to make steps in combating the issue.

While the vast majority believes that the government has the responsibility to address the situation, a large number of respondents said that they are wiling to take actions too. They said that they are keen to take steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

It is a widely known fact among the respondents that the main cause of the growing problem is the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

More than one third of the respondents said that they are willing to use a motor scooter instead of a car for a portion of their traveling. Motor scooters are more fuel efficient than cars due to the fact that they have considerably smaller engine and lighter frame. With the use of scoters, people can go from one place to another without burning the same amount of fuel that they would have had if they used a car.

The survey is also focused on the reaction of the motoring public to the use of motor scooters for their transportation. After all, Piaggio Group is a maker of motorcycles and scoters. Among the Italian company's brand are Aprilia and Moto Guzzi motorcycles.

Paolo Timoni, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Piaggio Group Americas, have this to say about the result of the study: "It's clear that Americans feel the urgency to act now to address the global climate issue facing our world today. As we continue discussions with people about these issues, we're seeing that more and more are now willing to adapt their transportation behaviors in ways which can immediately benefit the environment - even as scientists, governments and other parties explore other longer term solutions. By shifting just a portion of their mileage to more fuel efficient motor scooters, people can do their part toward reducing negative impacts on their surroundings while saving money and time from their own daily commutes."

It is indeed proven that switching to scooters will significantly decrease the amount of fossil consumed in the United States. If one should compare the survey results to current national fuel consumption and emission figures, it can be seen that the use of scooters is a good way to reduce emission and fuel consumption. If Americans will use a scooter for just ten percent of their mileage, national fuel consumption can be cut down by as much as 14 million gallons per day and a decrease in the amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by as much as 324 million pounds every day. That shows that even if scooters are not equipped with Hypertechparts, they can still significantly reduce the amount of fuel consumed by Americans.