Showing posts with label stop globalwarming. Show all posts
Showing posts with label stop globalwarming. Show all posts
Saturday, January 1, 2011
global warming articles
Global warming or "global warming" has become the hottest issue in the newspapers, and often a topic of conversation antarabangsa.Pemanasan global community has been caused by several factors such as aktiiviti burning heat island, and the use of carbon monogsida and excessive carbon dioxide in the life our daily. What effects will happen if this is not checked? there are many effects that would arise if these things are not preventable.
Apparently, global warming is what is worrying us all. Due to past behavior and attitudes of developers hands of local people who burn rubbish in the forest, the gases are released into the air around and beyond the ozone layer. Did you know that carbon monoxide and menipisi to erode the ozone layer naturally. The ozone layer can be thinned up to 75 percent of the sunlight from penetrating the earth. If the erosion of the ozone layer, global warming will occur as a result widespread.
Without the filtered sunlight contains 30 percent of electromagnetic radiation that will kill the cells of human skin. If sunlight filtered by a layer without contact with the skin, tumor will form and will become cancer cells. This will cause the earth to many people who die of skin cancer. serious skin cancers and the cure is not found by scientists to this day.
Next, if global temperatures well above the 5.8 drjah Celsius, the ice in the north and south poles will start to melt it will bring negative impact on us all. As a result the average sea will rise to 95 percent, this means that many land areas that will ditengelami by water. Many of the world's population will die.
Global warming will initially cause the migraine headaches and excessive. Migraine is caused by overheating will occur and result in serious bleeding in the brain. Migraine is caused by the accumulation of contaminated blood in the brain and this will make the patient uncomfortable.
Heat island is also often associated with global warming. Heat island caused by asab-asab removed from car and factory fumes. This smoke contains carbon monoxide is high ground will deplete the ozone layer. Ole reason, meminimunkan we have emphasized the use of vehicles.
Kongklusinya, global warming is the phenomenon that haunted the international community. This is because of its impact on the world's population is very serious. therefore we as part of the inhabitants of this earth should take precautions kangkah before it becomes more serious. Do not let the rice has become porridge that we want to change. Do not want to have a new banging there is no point. Nay, while we still can do something about the world we want to bequeath to our children and grandchildren of this.
GLOBAL WARMING - 'No one can escape. "
Earth is experiencing "fever" due to global warming climate is also bringing with him a world increasingly torn kacir.Bagi most people, climate change and global warming affect the economy more than your health. However, the effects of global warming far more profound and will leave the impression to all the world's population does not matter where they are located.There may also be of us saw those killed by natural disasters such as hurricanes, flooding and hot weather as an unfortunate but, what about those who survived? Are they free from the threat of health after surviving a drowning, freezing cold or die of dehydration (water shortage)? Believe it or not, global warming has killed more than one million people worldwide since 2000, either directly or indirectly.World Health Organization (WHO) to produce statistics that explains half of the deaths occurred in Asia Pacific, the most densely populated continent. In addition, the number has not increased with 800,000 other victims who were killed due to air pollution each year.Understanding global warmingGlobal warming caused by air pollution, which increases the amount of carbon gases (water vapor, karbod dioxide, carbon monoxide) are also known as greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere. The heat of the sun is normally to the surface to be reflected back into space, then caught and causing global temperature increases. As a result, the ice began to melt the poles and increasing sea levels to drown some small island and the mainland to erode the surface.In addition, the high temperature is also an effect on wind flow will lead to the formation of typhoons and monsoon rains that severely worse than usual. The best example the world victims of climate change can be seen in a heat wave in Europe that lead to hundreds or perhaps thousands of deaths since 2000. Waves 'hot' this has caused the temperature in summer and winter in Europe is much higher than usual. Similar changes were also felt in tropical regions are facing severe monsoon season now, while countries like the United States was hit by snow storms and more severe hurricanes such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Whereas in 2006, ten countries most severely affected by natural disasters were the Philippines, South Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, China, Afghanistan, the United States and Romania.The effect of this problem will continue to be prolonged and will continue to deteriorate if neglected or failed to control. Consequently, the next generation who will bear the full impact of the greed of the present generation of polluting the environment just to the wealth and economic progress.Effects on healthAny form of extreme change would have the most adverse effects on infants, children and the elderly are often seen to be the first victims of the disaster.a. Rakyat Malaysia may be able to adapt to high temperatures and sweltering as familiar with the tropical climate. However, ordinary people who live in cold climates may not be able to adapt and now recorded an increase in deaths from heat stroke.Heat stroke will cause the failure of all organs of the body to function, just like what happened to the patient's fever.b.Begitu well as pneumonia or inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria that attack the widespread dissemination of the lung due to hot and humid weather and other factors.c.Sesetengah areas were faced with the problem of severe dehydration due to drought caused by heat waves and rising sea levels that contaminate fresh water with saline water from the sea.d.Peningkatan temperature will also promote the breeding of vectors (carriers of animal germs), such as rats, mosquitoes, ticks and pepijat.Penyebaran vectors such as mosquitoes causing diseases such as malaria, dengue and yellow fever first recorded in Europe and temperate areas that previously this sejuk.Hal evident from the cool temperate countries such as Nepal and Bhutan the first recorded cases of malaria in the highland areas of the two countries.e.Sementara, the rats are also seen to grow more easily in hot and humid weather of this. These animals can spread the illness and Legionellosis Leptopirosis which are spread by germs that are left with the urine (urine) or rat droppings.f.Ketika floods, the level of cleanliness is difficult to care and clean water, especially the sign. Difficulty in obtaining clean drinking water be exposed to contaminated water hemp variety kuman.Hal health would be threatened if water is used segai contaminated drinking water, cooking, washing or cleaning diri.Bilangan diarrhea, bloody diarrhea ( dysentery) and various water-borne diseases seen a sharp increase during the season banjir.Situasi was further compounded by the increase in mosquito-borne cases due to mosquito breeding in stagnant pool of water left by the flood currents. Water reservoir is a strategic place for germs to grow rapidly as it gets adequate food supply of plants and decaying animal carcasses.g. This issue also gives a bad impression to those who like to exercise and play outside. This is because greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide present in the air more, especially in urban areas and areas with a lot of vehicles. When the gas is inhaled too much, during exercise or outdoor activities, causing a sudden fall of blood oxygen content and carbon monoxide gas that can affect many body and heart ..Measures to overcomeThe public is advised to drink lots of water to avoid heat stroke and dehydration while children and senior citizens need to find a shady place to carry out or break. In the face of climate change is increasingly uncertain world, the way the application should be appropriate to weather conditions to ensure that the body is not exposed to the weather is too hot or too cold for a long period. Given epidermiologi (distribution pattern) of specific diseases are also changing with the tide of global warming, the public should also be prepared to face more corpulent cases of common diseases such as dengue, malaria, diarrhea and certain diseases that have never encountered before.Besides cleanliness, the breeding vectors such as mosquitoes and rats should be controlled to prevent the spread of more diseases. Summit organized by the UN World Climate Change held in Bali, Indonesia from 3 to 14 December 2007 is expected to reach a consensus to save the earth and all creatures that inhabit it.Representatives from 190 countries have heard the argument many world renowned scientists who predict rising sea levels, droughts, floods and grab a devastating hurricane and now need to determine their direction for protecting the next generation.People also play an important role in pressing their leaders to be concerned with world peace and development not only concerned with themselves, without taking into account the pursuit of wealth due to the greed of the world. Responsibility for the environment should also be borne by all the world's population and should not be left to governments or organizations mata.Walaupun world, with only small contributions, such as not to make open burning and reduce the use of motor vehicles by as much as possible of the individual, to help control heating global.Despite the ambitions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions 25 to 40 percent by 2020 rather difficult to achieve, but efforts should be intensified to ensure the future of human existence. Love and love our planet and the well being and harmony of life of future generations.
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Addressing Global Warming
At least 192 countries began negotiations in the UN Summit on Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, which lasted throughout the 7 to 18 December 2009. At the 15th meeting (COP) of the UN Climate Change Conference (UNCCC), they will negotiate to reach a new agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol scheme which will last until 2012 (Kompas, 7/12/2009).
The meeting, involving heads of state, scientists, intellectuals, and environmentalists, at least be a strategic step for the creation of a new agreement within the framework of international cooperation to overcome the problem of global warming (global warming), the issue of climate change, deforestation, environmental pollution, and greenhouse effect. Global issues that color the modern humanitarian problems today, demanding all parties to work together in addressing climate change is happening all over the world.
Not surprisingly, when the Executive Secretary of UN Climate Change (UNFCCC), Yvo de Boer, the delegation stressed the importance of all countries to demonstrate the spirit of cooperation and compromise in order to produce a new agreement, which affects the safety of billions of people in the world. In short, the issue of global warming that became the main agenda in the talks should be a jump start to pressure and flow rate of rise of temperature of the weather. Thus, no impact on the food crisis, water, damage to ecosystems, extreme weather, and the threat of major disaster that will hit millions of people.
Threat of Extinction
At this point, the Living Planet Report 2006, from the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) says, that the planet's natural ecosystems are now degraded, because the nadir reached an alarming point. Degradation of tropical forests in Indonesia were already moving fast, so in conditions of collapse.
In fact, forests in Indonesia has a wealth of natural resources is remarkable, even we also have a varied biodiversity in all its beauty. Nothing wrong, if Indonesia is located in the middle of the equatorial emerald called the lungs of the world, which is a strategic place and potential of this natural wealth.
In fact, from the data I get, mentioned that the number of people who need land, water and air on earth to live in 1991 had amounted to 5.2 billion. Residents on the planet in 1998 amounted to 6.8 billion. In 2000 ballooned to 7 billion. If population growth is maintained as it is now, then according to Paul R Enhirch, 900 years from now (year 2900) there will be one biliun (eighteen zeros behind the 1) person on this planet, or 1700 people per square meter. If that number continued until in 2000 or 3000 years later, the mean number of people living on this planet already exceeded the weight of the earth itself.
Moreover, if the target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 40 percent for rich countries (Annex I) in 2020 can not be done, then the result will accelerate the melting of ice at the poles. That is why, the Indonesian delegation took four important agenda, namely reducing emissions for deforestation and forest deregulation (REDD), marine issues, the acceleration of technology transfer for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and technology to anticipate climate change.
According to Philip Kris (2004), in Industrial Ecology, there are several reasons emerge global warming, climate change and the environment, so that the ESD Conference on the Environment held first time in Stockholm.
First, we can see in 1953, in Japan, there has been a terrible catastrophe that befell most of the fishermen and their families in the vicinity of Minamata Bay are the main food is fish. In these areas there have been outbreaks of neurological disease called Minamata. In patients experiencing progressive muscle weakness, loss of vision until the cause of death. Apparently after the research, in 1959, the disease caused by methylmercury, which is waste containing mercury from various chemical industries owned by Chisso Co..
Second, in 1963 the United States (U.S.) issued the Law of Environment (National Environmental Policy Act, NEPA) in response to environmental damage by human activity increased, partly by environmental contamination by pesticides and industrial waste and transportation.
Third, the depletion of the ozone layer (O3) as the impact of greenhouse gases and increasing the temperature of the earth's surface due to thickening of the lining of CO2. That would threaten the health and safety of mankind, since ozone becomes a shield from the sun's rays are strong.
Ecological Intelligence
The continued development of the issue of global warming that occurred in various parts of the world, making the developed countries that have a lot of carbon dioxide emissions need to agree to cut its emissions. That is why, we need ecological intelligence in support of economic growth and sustainable development, without damaging the natural ecosystem and that we love.
In Ecology of The Encylopedia of Religion (1995), A Hultkrant stated that ecological intelligence applied in the framework of local wisdom (local wisdom) ecologically minded. This gave birth to his wisdom with the natural human attitude that preceded the modern ecology movement after World War II. With this framework, human consciousness will give birth to ecological intelligence in saving the universe from the threat of global warming and climate change.
Facing the threat of global warming in mind, we need to maintain essential ecological processes as part of the forest ecosystem balance between levels of population and environmental carrying capacity, prepare enough resources in an effort to increase the benefits derived from natural resources (forests), and the provision of social environment, culture, and economy as appropriate.
Therefore, we must remain committed to maintain and preserve the natural richness (environment) from the threat of humanitarian catastrophe. Above all else, is our awareness and concern for nature needs to be improved and developed in a sustainable manner, so as to create a life free from the wrath of nature, and ultimately the planet we live it can be restored to normal.
The meeting, involving heads of state, scientists, intellectuals, and environmentalists, at least be a strategic step for the creation of a new agreement within the framework of international cooperation to overcome the problem of global warming (global warming), the issue of climate change, deforestation, environmental pollution, and greenhouse effect. Global issues that color the modern humanitarian problems today, demanding all parties to work together in addressing climate change is happening all over the world.
Not surprisingly, when the Executive Secretary of UN Climate Change (UNFCCC), Yvo de Boer, the delegation stressed the importance of all countries to demonstrate the spirit of cooperation and compromise in order to produce a new agreement, which affects the safety of billions of people in the world. In short, the issue of global warming that became the main agenda in the talks should be a jump start to pressure and flow rate of rise of temperature of the weather. Thus, no impact on the food crisis, water, damage to ecosystems, extreme weather, and the threat of major disaster that will hit millions of people.
Threat of Extinction
At this point, the Living Planet Report 2006, from the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) says, that the planet's natural ecosystems are now degraded, because the nadir reached an alarming point. Degradation of tropical forests in Indonesia were already moving fast, so in conditions of collapse.
In fact, forests in Indonesia has a wealth of natural resources is remarkable, even we also have a varied biodiversity in all its beauty. Nothing wrong, if Indonesia is located in the middle of the equatorial emerald called the lungs of the world, which is a strategic place and potential of this natural wealth.
In fact, from the data I get, mentioned that the number of people who need land, water and air on earth to live in 1991 had amounted to 5.2 billion. Residents on the planet in 1998 amounted to 6.8 billion. In 2000 ballooned to 7 billion. If population growth is maintained as it is now, then according to Paul R Enhirch, 900 years from now (year 2900) there will be one biliun (eighteen zeros behind the 1) person on this planet, or 1700 people per square meter. If that number continued until in 2000 or 3000 years later, the mean number of people living on this planet already exceeded the weight of the earth itself.
Moreover, if the target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 40 percent for rich countries (Annex I) in 2020 can not be done, then the result will accelerate the melting of ice at the poles. That is why, the Indonesian delegation took four important agenda, namely reducing emissions for deforestation and forest deregulation (REDD), marine issues, the acceleration of technology transfer for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and technology to anticipate climate change.
According to Philip Kris (2004), in Industrial Ecology, there are several reasons emerge global warming, climate change and the environment, so that the ESD Conference on the Environment held first time in Stockholm.
First, we can see in 1953, in Japan, there has been a terrible catastrophe that befell most of the fishermen and their families in the vicinity of Minamata Bay are the main food is fish. In these areas there have been outbreaks of neurological disease called Minamata. In patients experiencing progressive muscle weakness, loss of vision until the cause of death. Apparently after the research, in 1959, the disease caused by methylmercury, which is waste containing mercury from various chemical industries owned by Chisso Co..
Second, in 1963 the United States (U.S.) issued the Law of Environment (National Environmental Policy Act, NEPA) in response to environmental damage by human activity increased, partly by environmental contamination by pesticides and industrial waste and transportation.
Third, the depletion of the ozone layer (O3) as the impact of greenhouse gases and increasing the temperature of the earth's surface due to thickening of the lining of CO2. That would threaten the health and safety of mankind, since ozone becomes a shield from the sun's rays are strong.
Ecological Intelligence
The continued development of the issue of global warming that occurred in various parts of the world, making the developed countries that have a lot of carbon dioxide emissions need to agree to cut its emissions. That is why, we need ecological intelligence in support of economic growth and sustainable development, without damaging the natural ecosystem and that we love.
In Ecology of The Encylopedia of Religion (1995), A Hultkrant stated that ecological intelligence applied in the framework of local wisdom (local wisdom) ecologically minded. This gave birth to his wisdom with the natural human attitude that preceded the modern ecology movement after World War II. With this framework, human consciousness will give birth to ecological intelligence in saving the universe from the threat of global warming and climate change.
Facing the threat of global warming in mind, we need to maintain essential ecological processes as part of the forest ecosystem balance between levels of population and environmental carrying capacity, prepare enough resources in an effort to increase the benefits derived from natural resources (forests), and the provision of social environment, culture, and economy as appropriate.
Therefore, we must remain committed to maintain and preserve the natural richness (environment) from the threat of humanitarian catastrophe. Above all else, is our awareness and concern for nature needs to be improved and developed in a sustainable manner, so as to create a life free from the wrath of nature, and ultimately the planet we live it can be restored to normal.
Monday, December 27, 2010
Climate change the world: what and how?
In early February 2007 and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report on scientific explanations, observations and projected impacts of climate change the world. The report also describes the extent of human contribution to climate change that. The following article is intended to provide a brief description about the message of the report. To facilitate delivery, this paper presented in the form of questions and answers.
What is the meaning of climate?
Climate is the average and variation in temperature, evaporation, precipitation and wind over a certain period in the range in a matter of months until millions of years.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Briefly climate can be regarded as the average of the weather. The difference, predicted weather for a period of more than a few days is very difficult because of its relatively high uncertainty. In contrast, estimates of climate change caused by changes in atmospheric composition or other factors, in general, the relative can be done.
What affects the earth's climate?
In the earth's climate is strongly influenced by the heat balance on earth. The flow of heat in the Earth's climate system works because of the radiation. The main source of radiation on Earth is the sun.
Can you explain how the mechanism of thermal equilibrium it?
Of all the solar radiation leading to the surface of the earth, a third reflected back into space by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface (see Figure 1). Reflection by the atmosphere due to clouds and particles called aerosols. The presence of snow, ice and desert plays a crucial role in reflecting back the sun's radiation that reaches the earth's surface.
Two-thirds of the radiation that is not reflected, the amount of about 240 Watt/m2, absorbed by the earth's surface and atmosphere. To maintain thermal equilibrium, the earth radiates back to the heat absorbed in the form of short-wave radiation. Some short-wave radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the greenhouse gases radiate heat back to earth. This mechanism is called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is what causes the earth's temperature is relatively warm with an average of 14oC, without the greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only about-19oC.
A small percentage of heat that is on earth, called latent heat, is used to evaporate water. This latent heat is released again when water vapor condenses in clouds (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: The thermal equilibrium in the Earth System
What is included in the group of greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases is the most dominant water vapor (H2O), followed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Another greenhouse gas is methane (CH4), dinitro-oxide (N2O), ozone (O3) and other gases in smaller quantities.
Is the so-called global warming?
Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the atmosphere near the surface of the earth and the sea over the past decade and projections for some time to come.
Is global warming really is happening?
Observations during the past 157 years show that Earth's surface temperature increased by 0.05 oC / decade. Over the last 25 years getting a sharp increase in temperature, amounting to 0.18 oC / decade (see Figure 2). Symptoms can also be seen from meingkatnya warming ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, melting ice and decreasing snow in the northern hemisphere.
Figure 2: Increase in average temperature of the earth for 157 years
How global warming could happen?
Global warming occurs due to the enhanced greenhouse effect which disebebakan by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The higher the concentration of greenhouse gases, the more heat radiation from Earth is trapped in the atmosphere and radiated back to earth. This causes an increase in surface temperature of the earth. Increased temperatures due to climate could also increase the sun's radiation, but the effect is relatively very small.
What causes the increase in greenhouse gases?
Human activities is believed to be because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
How does the human role in influencing the increased concentration of greenhouse gases?
Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and agricultural activities, resulting in emission of greenhouse gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and halokarbon (group florine gas containing chlorine and bromine). These gases are accumulating in the atmosphere that cause an increase in concentration over time. This increase is very noticeable in the industrial era as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Concentrations of some greenhouse gases during the last 2000 years.
How big is the human contribution to global warming when compared to natural factors other?
Warming or global cooling is influenced by natural factors and human factors. Which includes natural factors is the level of solar radiation and volcanic eruptions. Rise and fall of solar radiation affect the earth's temperature fluctuations. Meanwhile, volcanic eruptions penuruanan effect the earth's temperature for a few moments. Human activities also give effect to the rise and fall of temperature of the earth. However, if accumulated, then the whole of human activity on Earth's temperature increases far greater than the contribution of other factors. The contribution to global warming is termed radiative forcing. The greater radiative forcing greater contribution to global pemasan (see picture below).
Figure 4: Components of radiative forcing from human and natural (solar radiation).
Does the increase of water vapor in the atmosphere due to global warming will increase the greenhouse effect?
Yes. This is called positive feedback effect (positive feedback effect).
Is there another positive feedback effect?
There, the melting of ice and snow due to global warming. With the melting of ice and snow, land surface that were previously closed to open. Because the soil is darker than snow and ice, the more heat is absorbed by the earth's surface, which in turn increases the temperature of the earth.
Are extreme climate phenomena of late related to global warming?
Many statistics are menunujukkan so. The incidence of extreme climatic phenomena over the last century showed an increase. Among these extreme events include the long dry season in Australia (2003), the high temperatures during summer in Europe (2003), duration of hurricane season in North America (2004 and 2005), heavy rainfall in India (2005), etc. . In contrast, the number of extreme events such as extremely cold nights has decreased.
Could global warming is only caused by natural variation?
It is unlikely that global warming is only caused by natural variation. Climate models that only take into account natural variations (especially solar and volcanic activity) without considering the effect of greenhouse gases that failed to produce an output in accordance with reality / observations. The simulation results to be accurate after entering the effects of greenhouse gases into the model. This is as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5: Climate models with and without including human factors
Did the events of extreme climate will change along with climate change the world?
The answer, yes. Heat waves estimated to be more intensive, more frequent and last longer. In areas with four seasons, the number of days with temperatures lower than the freezing temperature will be minor. The summer will be drier and winters will become more humid. In addition, the intensity of tropical storms will be higher.
If greenhouse gas emissions be reduced, how quickly the concentration of gases in the atmosphere will be reduced?
The answer depends on the type of gas. Concentrations of some of the gas would immediately be reduced immediately by a reduction in emissions, but some of them even remain elevated for several centuries after such reduction (see figure below).
Figure 6: Penuruanan concentrations of greenhouse gases after the introduction of emission reduction (a) CO2, (b) of greenhouse gases by 120-year life cycle, and (c) of greenhouse gases by 12-year life cycle
What is the meaning of climate?
Climate is the average and variation in temperature, evaporation, precipitation and wind over a certain period in the range in a matter of months until millions of years.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Briefly climate can be regarded as the average of the weather. The difference, predicted weather for a period of more than a few days is very difficult because of its relatively high uncertainty. In contrast, estimates of climate change caused by changes in atmospheric composition or other factors, in general, the relative can be done.
What affects the earth's climate?
In the earth's climate is strongly influenced by the heat balance on earth. The flow of heat in the Earth's climate system works because of the radiation. The main source of radiation on Earth is the sun.
Can you explain how the mechanism of thermal equilibrium it?
Of all the solar radiation leading to the surface of the earth, a third reflected back into space by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface (see Figure 1). Reflection by the atmosphere due to clouds and particles called aerosols. The presence of snow, ice and desert plays a crucial role in reflecting back the sun's radiation that reaches the earth's surface.
Two-thirds of the radiation that is not reflected, the amount of about 240 Watt/m2, absorbed by the earth's surface and atmosphere. To maintain thermal equilibrium, the earth radiates back to the heat absorbed in the form of short-wave radiation. Some short-wave radiation emitted by Earth is absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the greenhouse gases radiate heat back to earth. This mechanism is called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is what causes the earth's temperature is relatively warm with an average of 14oC, without the greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only about-19oC.
A small percentage of heat that is on earth, called latent heat, is used to evaporate water. This latent heat is released again when water vapor condenses in clouds (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: The thermal equilibrium in the Earth System
What is included in the group of greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases is the most dominant water vapor (H2O), followed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Another greenhouse gas is methane (CH4), dinitro-oxide (N2O), ozone (O3) and other gases in smaller quantities.
Is the so-called global warming?
Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the atmosphere near the surface of the earth and the sea over the past decade and projections for some time to come.
Is global warming really is happening?
Observations during the past 157 years show that Earth's surface temperature increased by 0.05 oC / decade. Over the last 25 years getting a sharp increase in temperature, amounting to 0.18 oC / decade (see Figure 2). Symptoms can also be seen from meingkatnya warming ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, melting ice and decreasing snow in the northern hemisphere.
Figure 2: Increase in average temperature of the earth for 157 years
How global warming could happen?
Global warming occurs due to the enhanced greenhouse effect which disebebakan by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The higher the concentration of greenhouse gases, the more heat radiation from Earth is trapped in the atmosphere and radiated back to earth. This causes an increase in surface temperature of the earth. Increased temperatures due to climate could also increase the sun's radiation, but the effect is relatively very small.
What causes the increase in greenhouse gases?
Human activities is believed to be because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
How does the human role in influencing the increased concentration of greenhouse gases?
Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and agricultural activities, resulting in emission of greenhouse gases are CO2, CH4, N2O and halokarbon (group florine gas containing chlorine and bromine). These gases are accumulating in the atmosphere that cause an increase in concentration over time. This increase is very noticeable in the industrial era as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Concentrations of some greenhouse gases during the last 2000 years.
How big is the human contribution to global warming when compared to natural factors other?
Warming or global cooling is influenced by natural factors and human factors. Which includes natural factors is the level of solar radiation and volcanic eruptions. Rise and fall of solar radiation affect the earth's temperature fluctuations. Meanwhile, volcanic eruptions penuruanan effect the earth's temperature for a few moments. Human activities also give effect to the rise and fall of temperature of the earth. However, if accumulated, then the whole of human activity on Earth's temperature increases far greater than the contribution of other factors. The contribution to global warming is termed radiative forcing. The greater radiative forcing greater contribution to global pemasan (see picture below).
Figure 4: Components of radiative forcing from human and natural (solar radiation).
Does the increase of water vapor in the atmosphere due to global warming will increase the greenhouse effect?
Yes. This is called positive feedback effect (positive feedback effect).
Is there another positive feedback effect?
There, the melting of ice and snow due to global warming. With the melting of ice and snow, land surface that were previously closed to open. Because the soil is darker than snow and ice, the more heat is absorbed by the earth's surface, which in turn increases the temperature of the earth.
Are extreme climate phenomena of late related to global warming?
Many statistics are menunujukkan so. The incidence of extreme climatic phenomena over the last century showed an increase. Among these extreme events include the long dry season in Australia (2003), the high temperatures during summer in Europe (2003), duration of hurricane season in North America (2004 and 2005), heavy rainfall in India (2005), etc. . In contrast, the number of extreme events such as extremely cold nights has decreased.
Could global warming is only caused by natural variation?
It is unlikely that global warming is only caused by natural variation. Climate models that only take into account natural variations (especially solar and volcanic activity) without considering the effect of greenhouse gases that failed to produce an output in accordance with reality / observations. The simulation results to be accurate after entering the effects of greenhouse gases into the model. This is as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5: Climate models with and without including human factors
Did the events of extreme climate will change along with climate change the world?
The answer, yes. Heat waves estimated to be more intensive, more frequent and last longer. In areas with four seasons, the number of days with temperatures lower than the freezing temperature will be minor. The summer will be drier and winters will become more humid. In addition, the intensity of tropical storms will be higher.
If greenhouse gas emissions be reduced, how quickly the concentration of gases in the atmosphere will be reduced?
The answer depends on the type of gas. Concentrations of some of the gas would immediately be reduced immediately by a reduction in emissions, but some of them even remain elevated for several centuries after such reduction (see figure below).
Figure 6: Penuruanan concentrations of greenhouse gases after the introduction of emission reduction (a) CO2, (b) of greenhouse gases by 120-year life cycle, and (c) of greenhouse gases by 12-year life cycle
Sunday, December 26, 2010
sad to global warming
Sadly global warming causing iklim.human changes are hard to understand this ... .. even though they know the factors, measures should be done and its effects, but people still do not menyedari.apakah to do to stop doing things that will deplete the ozone? reduction in the use kloroflurokarbon (CFC). how? people should use sophisticated technology, such as creating no air-conditioning has been released CFC. what we should do to ensure that open burning of forests has occurred in the state Jakarta .mmm not say .... do not know ... can give your views on steps that can stop forest fires in the open, and that is a global awareness campaign pemasan impact on the battle is not responsible?
Saturday, December 25, 2010
Cause of Global Warming
Global warming (global warming) is the phenomenon of global temperature increase due to the greenhouse effect (greenhouse effect) due to increased emissions of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), dinitrooksida (N2O) and CFC so that the solar energy trapped in the earth's atmosphere .
Various literature mentions that the increase in global temperature occurred in the range of 1.5? 40 Celsius by the end of the 21st century.
Global warming cause widespread and serious impacts to the bio-geophysical environment (such as melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels, expanding deserts, increasing rainfall and flooding, climate change, extinction of certain flora and fauna, migratory fauna and pest diseases, etc. .)
While the impact on the socio-economic activities of society. Among others: disruption of the function of coastal and beach cities. In addition, disruption of function of infrastructure and facilities such as roads, ports and airports. Also disruption of settlements, the reduction of agricultural productivity, to increased risk of cancer and disease. (various sources)
Various literature mentions that the increase in global temperature occurred in the range of 1.5? 40 Celsius by the end of the 21st century.
Global warming cause widespread and serious impacts to the bio-geophysical environment (such as melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels, expanding deserts, increasing rainfall and flooding, climate change, extinction of certain flora and fauna, migratory fauna and pest diseases, etc. .)
While the impact on the socio-economic activities of society. Among others: disruption of the function of coastal and beach cities. In addition, disruption of function of infrastructure and facilities such as roads, ports and airports. Also disruption of settlements, the reduction of agricultural productivity, to increased risk of cancer and disease. (various sources)
Global Warming and the freezing of Europe
There is an interesting article from Science Daily that I have ever read that discusses the impact of global warming in Europe. This article was written based on the results of long-term numerical simulation of what would happen if the rate of greenhouse gases continue to grow in Earth's atmosphere. In the long term, Europe will increasingly cold turned out if global warming continues. The question is: â € œApa the cause of Europe will be more cool? Â €?
To address this problem, first you need to know about what is called the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt, which is a global ocean circulation in the circulation occurs transfer of heat energy absorbed by the seas of the tropics-which experienced a relatively constant solar radiation throughout the year - to middle-and high-latitude regions that receive different solar radiation energy during winter and summer (due to the earth's rotation axis which makes an angle of 23.5 degrees to the orbit).
Due to cold temperatures around the north pole (Greenland), there will be a freezing of sea water. Freezing of sea water will release the salt contained in sea water (and therefore, why the ice at the poles does not taste salty because the salt does not come frozen). The release of this salt will make the salinity of sea water becomes higher so that the density of sea water there also be higher too, as a result of sea water mass will decrease (known sebaga sinking or downwelling phenomenon or can be referred to as the ocean currents that move into the depths). Vacancy due to the decline of sea water masses that have a large density will be filled by the mass of the surrounding sea water, ie from lower latitudes or tropics. Sea water in the warm tropical climate makes the middle and high latitudes remained warm enough.
Global warming will cause polar ice caps melting. This causes the increase in the amount of water, resulting in dilution of sea water. As a result, the density of sea water to be reduced so that the process of sinking or downwelling would be weakened. The weakening of this process will reduce the amount of warm water coming from the tropics.
To address this problem, first you need to know about what is called the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt, which is a global ocean circulation in the circulation occurs transfer of heat energy absorbed by the seas of the tropics-which experienced a relatively constant solar radiation throughout the year - to middle-and high-latitude regions that receive different solar radiation energy during winter and summer (due to the earth's rotation axis which makes an angle of 23.5 degrees to the orbit).
Due to cold temperatures around the north pole (Greenland), there will be a freezing of sea water. Freezing of sea water will release the salt contained in sea water (and therefore, why the ice at the poles does not taste salty because the salt does not come frozen). The release of this salt will make the salinity of sea water becomes higher so that the density of sea water there also be higher too, as a result of sea water mass will decrease (known sebaga sinking or downwelling phenomenon or can be referred to as the ocean currents that move into the depths). Vacancy due to the decline of sea water masses that have a large density will be filled by the mass of the surrounding sea water, ie from lower latitudes or tropics. Sea water in the warm tropical climate makes the middle and high latitudes remained warm enough.
Global warming will cause polar ice caps melting. This causes the increase in the amount of water, resulting in dilution of sea water. As a result, the density of sea water to be reduced so that the process of sinking or downwelling would be weakened. The weakening of this process will reduce the amount of warm water coming from the tropics.
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Overview of Global Warming, Effects And How To Prevent Global Warming World
We are all both know that global warming is happening. Melaporakn IPCC research that 0.15 to 0.3 o C. If the increase in temperature continues, estimated in 2040 (33 years from now) layer of ice at the poles of the earth will be depleted melt. And if the earth continues to heat up, in 2050 will be a shortage of fresh water, so that famine would be widespread throughout the universe.
The air will be very hot, millions of people fighting over food and water. Breathing the smoke and dust. The houses in coastal areas inundated by sea water. Sea water overflow more and more widespread, so that eventually swallow the whole island.Property will disappear, so does the human soul.
The study conducted scientist at the Center for Coastal and Marine Area Development, Bandung Institute of Technology (2007), was no less horrific.Apparently, the Gulf sea levels rise as high as 0.8 cm in Jakarta. If world temperatures continue to rise, it is predicted, in 2050 in Jakarta daera areas (such as: Kosambi, Penjaringan, and Cilincing) and Bekasi (such as: Muaragembong, Babelan, and Tarumajaya) will be submerged everything.
Well,,, we all already know it ... and some people still try to tell you that this incident actually was going on ... but still not a few people who still do not care. Maybe because we still feel comfortable with the situation now ... can menikamti everything from food, water, air, land sukup to play ball, which is still quite peaceful social, etc ...
Well ... it is ... then how about if 10 years from now, or 20 years, or up to 30 years. I know there will be no significant changes at this time because we all still consider this a normal thing, but I would be very foolish man if I do not keep trying to inform this.
So what can we do?
There are some easy ways that we can do, namely;
1. Turn off the electricity. (When not in use, do not leave electronic equipment on standby. Unplug the phone charger. Handsfree from the socket. Although not emit carbon electricity, PLN's power plants using fossil fuel emissions big contributor.)2. Replace light bulb (the type of CFL, according to electric power. Even though the price is somewhat expensive, this lamp is more efficient electricity and durable).3. Clean light (dust can reduce lighting levels up to 5%).4. If forced to use air conditioning (close doors and windows for air conditioning is on. Set the temperature is cool enough, about 21-24o C).5. Use a timer (to AC, microwave, oven, magic jar, etc.).6. Switch the engine waste heat air conditioner to operate a water-heater.7. Planting trees in your neighborhood.8. Drying clothes outside. The wind and the sun's heat better than using the machine (dryer) which emit lots of carbon.9. Use public transportation (to reduce air pollution).10. Efficient use of paper (raw materials derived from wood).11. Say no to plastic. Almost all plastic waste produces harmful gases when burned.Or you can also help collect them for recycling back.
The air will be very hot, millions of people fighting over food and water. Breathing the smoke and dust. The houses in coastal areas inundated by sea water. Sea water overflow more and more widespread, so that eventually swallow the whole island.Property will disappear, so does the human soul.
The study conducted scientist at the Center for Coastal and Marine Area Development, Bandung Institute of Technology (2007), was no less horrific.Apparently, the Gulf sea levels rise as high as 0.8 cm in Jakarta. If world temperatures continue to rise, it is predicted, in 2050 in Jakarta daera areas (such as: Kosambi, Penjaringan, and Cilincing) and Bekasi (such as: Muaragembong, Babelan, and Tarumajaya) will be submerged everything.
Well,,, we all already know it ... and some people still try to tell you that this incident actually was going on ... but still not a few people who still do not care. Maybe because we still feel comfortable with the situation now ... can menikamti everything from food, water, air, land sukup to play ball, which is still quite peaceful social, etc ...
Well ... it is ... then how about if 10 years from now, or 20 years, or up to 30 years. I know there will be no significant changes at this time because we all still consider this a normal thing, but I would be very foolish man if I do not keep trying to inform this.
So what can we do?
There are some easy ways that we can do, namely;
1. Turn off the electricity. (When not in use, do not leave electronic equipment on standby. Unplug the phone charger. Handsfree from the socket. Although not emit carbon electricity, PLN's power plants using fossil fuel emissions big contributor.)2. Replace light bulb (the type of CFL, according to electric power. Even though the price is somewhat expensive, this lamp is more efficient electricity and durable).3. Clean light (dust can reduce lighting levels up to 5%).4. If forced to use air conditioning (close doors and windows for air conditioning is on. Set the temperature is cool enough, about 21-24o C).5. Use a timer (to AC, microwave, oven, magic jar, etc.).6. Switch the engine waste heat air conditioner to operate a water-heater.7. Planting trees in your neighborhood.8. Drying clothes outside. The wind and the sun's heat better than using the machine (dryer) which emit lots of carbon.9. Use public transportation (to reduce air pollution).10. Efficient use of paper (raw materials derived from wood).11. Say no to plastic. Almost all plastic waste produces harmful gases when burned.Or you can also help collect them for recycling back.
Help Stop Global Warming With a Solar Power System
Today, the world calls for more responsible ways of doing things. Global warming is becoming worse every day. With this kind of phenomenon in front of us, we must be more accountable to environmentally degrading methods and take necessary steps in order to put a stop to these irresponsible ways. One most needed action that we can take is to reduce our carbon emission. Since we cannot really totally abandon the way we truly live, we can at least employ more environment friendly ways to help alleviate global warming. There are many ways by which a person can reduce his carbon emission. Many of these things are actually practical and easy ways. But if you are seeking to be more active in this endeavor you can take a step farther and install a solar power system in your home. It runs the electricity in a more efficient and eco-friendly way.
Sounds impossible? Even if you think that this is not doable, I know that it has caught your attention. Read the rest of the article and become familiar with this technology. The thing is that the environment-friendly feature is not the only striking benefit that solar panels can promise you and your family. It is also developed to help people like you save a lot of money.
A simple solar panel has the ability to harness the energy of the sun so that it can be used to power certain machines. In this sense, the sun's energy can create electricity when you have developed a consolidated solar power system. Science recognizes this technology, but you will not find a lot of solar panels out in the market. While some people are doubtful against its effectiveness, companies do produce them because of reduced returns. A technology as good as this must not kept from the public, especially when it can help alleviate the global warming phenomenon. With this, I advice you to consult a useful manual that can help you create a solar power system in your home. This is better than buying a unit or succumbing to monstrous electricity bills.
Using solar panels is an alternative and environment-friendly pursuit because they help you lessen your carbon emissions. The logic is that you harness the power generated by something that is already present on earth. These are the sun and the wind. In addition, it helps the environment not only because of reduced emissions, but also because people who employ this technology become more aware about such this advocacy. While the former is the best benefit for the environment, the latter creates more environment advocates so that your actions are not only confined to saving energy, but to other global warming issues as well.
If you are interested in how to make a solar power system at home, visit this site to learn more:http://www.GreenEnergy4Home.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Darren_T_Chow |
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Global Warming By Faraz Akhter
Introduction:
Global Warming, aside from pollution is one of the biggest scientist's concerns. Global Warming is the term used to describe increase in the temperature of the Earth. It is the process which is continuously warming the earth. The Earth's surface temperature has risen by about one degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past three decades. There is stronger evidence and proof that most of the warming over the last fifty years is attributable to activities of human. Human activities have changed the chemical composition of the atmosphere and environment through the buildup of greenhouse gases, which are main cause of Global Warming.
There are four steps in the Greenhouse effect, which are, Ultraviolet rays from the sun, through space, to earth's atmosphere. The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits Earth. Some of sunlight turns into heat energy in the form of infrared light. The heat gets impregnated by enclosing air and land, which in turn makes it hot. Infrared rays that are remitted into the atmosphere are captured by greenhouse gases. The gas then absorbs the light and is sent back to the surface of Earth and warms it even more.
"According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases - primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed although uncertainties exist about exactly how earth's climate responds to them."
Methane and carbon dioxide are some of the naturally occurring greenhouse gases. This is the manner in which the Earth keeps itself temperate enough for humans to live on it. The only concern with this is that humans are enhancing the process even further and it will result in Global Warming.
Over the past many years the emissions of greenhouse gases have been multiplying due to the rapid growth in technology that humans have perfected like, factories which are emitting such dangerous gases which includes methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, also known as Hydro-fluorocarbons, Chlorofluorocarbons, and Per-fluorocarbons.
Over the past many years the emissions of greenhouse gases have been multiplying due to the rapid growth in technology that humans have perfected like, factories which are emitting such dangerous gases which includes methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, also known as Hydro-fluorocarbons, Chlorofluorocarbons, and Per-fluorocarbons.
Basically global warming is the ascent of the earth's surface temperature due to chemicals in the atmosphere. The threats that global warming brings along with it includes: affecting the climate of the Earth and even the health of the people. This also includes altering of crop seasons. Global warming also affects the way organisms survive on the planet.
Signs and Effects:
A large amount of the United States is probable to warm, even though sulfates possibly will limit warming in a few areas. Scientists at present are not capable to decide which pieces of the United States will turn out to be wetter or drier, but there is probability to be a general tendency in the direction of augmented rainfall and evaporation, added powerful thunderstorms, and drier top soils.
Regrettably, several of the potentially most significant influences depend upon whether rainfall augments or reduces, which cannot be dependably probable for exact regions.
Global warming also causes many of the glaciers that are floating in the Greenland and Arctic to melt. This in turn causes the sea levels to rise throughout the world. In the last hundred years alone the seas around the world have risen from four to ten inches, which is a great change.
Health:
All the way through the world, the occurrence of meticulous illnesses and additional pressures to human health depend mainly on local weather. Tremendous warmth can directly source the loss of life. Furthermore, quite a few grave diseases merely come into view in warm areas. Lastly, warm temperatures can augment air and water pollution, which in turn harm human health.
The largest part of direct effect of climate change would be the influence of hotter temperatures themselves. Tremendously hot temperatures augment the figure of people who die on a specified day for a lot of motives: People with heart problems are helpless for the reason that one's cardiovascular system ought to work harder to be the body cool all through hot weather. Heat tiredness and a few respiratory troubles amplify.
Higher air temperatures in addition augment the attentiveness of ozone at ground level. The ordinary layer of ozone in the higher atmosphere blocks damaging ultraviolet emission from reaching the earth's surface, but in the lower atmosphere, ozone is a harmful pollutant. Ozone damages lung tissue and sources exacting troubles for people with asthma and other lung diseases. Even modest experience to ozone can source healthy persons to experience chest pains, nausea, and pulmonary congestion. In to a large extent of the nation, a warming of four degrees (F) possibly will augment ozone attention by about 5 percent.
Statistics on humanity and hospital admissions demonstrate that death rates augment at some stage in extremely hot days, mainly between very old and very young people existing in cities. In July 1995, a heat wave killed more than 700 people in the Chicago area alone. Studies based on these types of statistics guess that in Atlanta, for instance, even a warming of about two degrees (F) would augment heat-related deaths from 78 today to wherever from 96 to 247 people per year. If people are able to put in air conditioning and otherwise become accustomed themselves to the hotter temperatures, the lower estimation is more probable.
Warmer temperatures might reduce the number of people who die each year from cold weather. On the other hand, in the United States, only 1000 people die from the cold every year, at the same time as twice that many die as of the heat.
Nasty Surprises:
Some of the ways that Earth may respond to global warming could be gradual; others could be rapid. By continuing to add greenhouse gases to the air, we may be surprised by some nasty changes.
Escaping Methane:
As the Arctic warms, massive quantities of methane at the present iced up under the ocean and land possibly will flee into the air. For the reason that methane is a greenhouse gas that catches heat in the atmosphere, these added emissions could cause the Earth to temperate even faster than at present anticipated.
Water Resources:
Varying climate is predictable to augment both evaporation and rainfall in the main regions of the United States. In those regions where evaporation augments more than rainfall, soil will turn out to be drier, lake levels will drop, and rivers will bear less water.
Inferior River flows and lower lake levels possibly will damage map-reading, hydroelectric power generation, and water quality, and decrease the provisions of water accessible for agricultural, residential, and industrial uses. A number of regions possibly will experience equally augmented flooding all through winter and spring, as well as lower supplies all through summer. In California's Central Valley, for instance, melting snow provides much of the summer water supply; warmer temperatures would source the snow to melt earlier and consequently decrease summer materials even if rainfall amplified throughout the spring. More normally, the inclination for rainfall (see climate trends) to be more concerted in large storms as temperatures increase would be inclined to augment river flooding, devoid of rising the quantity of water accessible.
Food and Water:
A number of regions might profit. Warming might increase in length the increasing season and budge agricultural zones northward. Crop production would augment in northern Europe and Canada.
Soils in the center regions of continents might turn out to be drier in summer. These drier circumstances coupled with global warming might show the way to lower crop yields. Corn production in the U.S. possibly will drop for the reason of this inclination.
Warming possibly will source earlier mountain snow melt, which would change the timing of water storage in reservoirs, augment the jeopardy of spring flooding and diminish water supplies in summer.
Shifts in climate zones might carry new crop pests to some areas. More livestock might develop into defenseless to ailment.
Changes in Global Harvest:
Climate alteration might to the highest degree have an effect on global food supply and demand for the reason that heat, light and water are the major drivers of agricultural production. Hot, dry regions already hard put to grow sufficient food nowadays might be specially damaging.
To calculate approximately the contact of global warming on future harvests, scientists build computer simulations, or models, of climate, crops and market situations. The models are first tested with present-day environment, and then utilized to foresee probable future alterations.
Present models, although imperfect, forecast that alterations in rainwater and temperature would differ from region to region. Such changes would be probable to change food production and international trade.
Present models, although imperfect, forecast that alterations in rainwater and temperature would differ from region to region. Such changes would be probable to change food production and international trade.
Future Effects and Spread:
Global warming possibly will moreover augment the danger of a number of contagious diseases, predominantly those diseases that simply come into view in temperate areas. Diseases that are spread by mosquitoes and added insects possibly will develop into more common if warmer temperatures allowed those insects to develop into recognized beyond north; such "vector-borne" diseases comprise malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis.
"The US Environmental Protection Agency has recently released the Climate Action Report 2002. The report considers in depth the effects, which Global Warming will have on the US, and it's being called a significant reversal of administration policy. For the first time, through this report, the Bush Administration is acknowledging that human actions, specifically the emission of greenhouse gases, are responsible for the effects of Global Warming which are currently being felt across the US, and around the world.
The report contends that the environment in the US will be substantially changed over the next few decades, with high likelihood for disruption of snow-fed water supplies, more heat waves, and the permanent disappearance of Rocky Mountain meadows and coastal marshes. However, there are no new plans for dealing with these problems. In fact, the report recommends adapting to these inevitable changes."
The report contends that the environment in the US will be substantially changed over the next few decades, with high likelihood for disruption of snow-fed water supplies, more heat waves, and the permanent disappearance of Rocky Mountain meadows and coastal marshes. However, there are no new plans for dealing with these problems. In fact, the report recommends adapting to these inevitable changes."
A number of scientists consider that algal blooms possibly will take place more regularly as temperatures warm - chiefly in areas with contaminated waters - in which case diseases such as cholera that lean to accompany algal blooms possibly will turn out to be more common.
Global warming will also cause some of the glaciers that are floating in the Greenland and Arctic to melt. This in turn will cause the sea levels to rise throughout the world. Part of the West Antarctic ice sheet rests unsteadily on the sea floor. As the sea warms, the ice might turn out to be weakened, break up and melt. As a consequence, over the next 300 years sea level would rise more rapidly than at present forecasted.
Salmon and cold-water fish such as trout are expected to suffer substantially and may also disappear from large areas of their current geographic range. Several species trying to flee hot water by migrating to north or to higher elevations may become extinct due to man-made or natural barriers blocking their routes.
Warmer water temperatures might direct to alterations in the course of major ocean currents. Their paths establish the sharing of ocean temperatures and nutrients that maintain marine life. If the currents were to alter their route, the complete marine environment can be disturbed.
Atmospheric upheaval and commotion brought on by the added warming will yield more intense and extreme storms and larger death tolls. Some areas, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out and a greater occurrence of thunderbolt strikes will set enormous forest fires.
Atmospheric upheaval and commotion brought on by the added warming will yield more intense and extreme storms and larger death tolls. Some areas, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out and a greater occurrence of thunderbolt strikes will set enormous forest fires.
The burning of the Earth by natural and man-made forest fires will heap extra quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Alteration in temperature and rainfall brought on by global warming will in turn modify the composition of the forests. At the current rate of ruin and desolation, most of the rain forests will be gone by the middle of the next century.
Conclusion:
Global warming could stimulate and influence large, sudden and uninvited climatic changes that could seriously affect ecosystems and human society in a very serious way.
Some nations will probably experience more unpleasant effects than others, while other nations might profit more than others. Poorer nations are usually more defenseless to the consequences of global warming. These nations tend to be extra reliant on climate-sensitive sectors, such as continuation agriculture, and deficient in the capital to shield themselves against the changes that global warming might bring. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recognized Africa as "the continent most vulnerable to the impacts of projected changes because widespread poverty limits adaptation capabilities".
Global warming could stimulate and influence large, sudden and uninvited climatic changes that could seriously affect ecosystems and human society in a very serious way.
Not long ago, most debate and argument of global warming has presumed that change would occur progressively, with average temperatures tediously increasing over the next century.
In order to control and avoid the effects of global warming we must first agree with a fact that it is occurring, and take some measures to end or even reduce it. We must stop burning the trees and we must also stop polluting the air.
There is only one way to end global warming before it becomes a real threat to human life. That is to stop emitting the greenhouse gases that are main cause of global warming.
For Best Free Ebooks go to http://excellentebooks.blogspot.com Faraz Akhter Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Faraz_Akhter |
Monday, December 20, 2010
Effects of Global Warming on Health by Christophe Catesson
A report of the effects of global warming on health published by WHO, has estimated around one million fifty thousand deaths every year due to global warming. Further it declared that each year five million people are suffering from health problems and diseases caused for this global warming. The rising concern over this matter has led many scientists and researchers to take a deeper look and prepare a plan to save human civilization from this onslaught.
Global warming has caused changes in temperature, ocean current flow, sea level, ecosystem, economy, agriculture, industry, settlements and related to all these - the health and living. Warmer world has created congenial atmosphere for the breeding and life expanse of various virus, bacteria and carriers of infectious diseases. Few evidences of global warming leaving negative effects on human health are -
- The vectors distribution of infectious diseases have been altered for global warming.
- Heat wave resulted for global warming are causing deaths.
- The seasonal distribution of few species of allergenic pollen have been altered for global warming.
- Various extreme conditions of global warming like droughts, heat and cold wave, storm, flood, fire will increase the death tolls as well as injuries and diseases.
- Malnutrition and disordered development of children are few long term results of global warming.
- Global warming will cause increase of malaria, diarrhea, cholera, dengue, encephalitis and other diseases.
- There will be constant rising rate of mortality due to ground level ozone related diseases as well as high cardio respiratory morbidity for global warming.
Thus global warming will affect human health in two major ways - with extreme weather condition and with rising infectious diseases. IPCC in a study of one of the most global warming affected area of Illionis, Chicago, has provided an apprehensive report that by 2020 extreme climate condition like heat wave will raise the climate average deaths to 400 and to 497 by 2050 from the present average of 191. European heat wave of 2003 is an example of its severity. Heat waves will even cause cardio respiratory complications resulting to high rate of deaths.
The results of ill health due to global warming and infectious diseases are already evident. Houston as well as many tropical countries are experiencing frequent outbreak of malaria, dengue and other encephalitis diseases. Even colder regions like Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Queens are severely suffering from malaria since 1990 as a result of global warming. McAllen of Texas also suffered a dengue epidemic in 1995. Florida, New Oreleans, Arizona, Mississippi, Texas, Colorado, and California - all are experiencing encephalitis epidemic for global warming since 1987. According to IPCC, 65% of world population will suffer from high risk of infectious diseases in near future. The risk itself will be increased by 20%, only as a result of global warming.
Facing such an impending calamity due to global warming, the requirement of proper planning and organized adaptation to new and changing condition has received a new dimension. Along with urgent and basic adaptation practices to fight the immediate effects, a longer planning and elaborate gradual methodology are also necessary to address the severity of future conditions resulted from global warming. A participatory approach to the holistic development of human health is expected to sober down the effects of global warming on health to some extent.
About the Author
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Sunday, December 19, 2010
The Effects Of Global Warming - How To Live With Them. by Erik Leipoldt
Many effects of global warming are with us now. Rising temperatures and ocean levels. Melting glaciers and polar ice.
But do you know what these will mean to you? Or to your children?
And what you can do. You, tiny individual among 6 billion people.
Perhaps if we all had a clearer idea about the effects in our daily lives, we would try to do more about global warming. I am betting that more knowledge on this subject is a good thing, despite its shock-and-awe effects.
So, read on you brave learner!
Briefly, the effects of global warming include these:
* Extreme weather
* Rising oceans
* Food and water resources
* Human health
* Economic
* War and conflicts, and
* Further global warming
* Rising oceans
* Food and water resources
* Human health
* Economic
* War and conflicts, and
* Further global warming
And each effect affects another, closely connected to the Earth's web of life.
Do you know that today's average surface temperature is up by about half a degree Celcius compared to temperatures in 1890? "Half a degree!" you exclaim. So what?
Well, if half a degree has the power to melt all the glaciers on five continents, as it is doing now, then what would the prediction of about five degrees by the end of this century mean to your daily life?
But you do not live near any glaciers you say. OK. Consider this:
Glaciers are the source of many of the great rivers that keep crops irrigated, provide water for drinking and washing and let you enjoy fishing and swimming.
"But I live in a city and when I want water I open a tap. For swimming I have the bath and as far as fishing is concerned there's the local fish shop!"
Right, I see. It is difficult to get you to feel uncomfortable with effects of global warming.
How about this then.
Many organisations are concerned about the effects. The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts as most likely a 3C rise in global surface temperature by 2050. The UK's chief scientific advisor Professor King has warned that such a rise would put some 400 million people at risk of starvation. Even the Pentagon, that least of all greenie organisations, wrote a report in 2004 that highlighted predictions of
* Severe water shortages
* Severe energy shortages
* Mega droughts and floods
* Nuclear conflict,
* Famine
* Widespread rioting
* Wars over water and energy resources
* At 150 million migrating environmental refugees
* Severe energy shortages
* Mega droughts and floods
* Nuclear conflict,
* Famine
* Widespread rioting
* Wars over water and energy resources
* At 150 million migrating environmental refugees
And these are suggested to occur in the next 20 years. Not too far away is it? Got your attention now?
These effects would be felt everywhere - even by city dwellers who have forgotten what a cow looks like.
Overwhelmed? Understandable, but don't be. Mother Earth needs all the practical people like you who commit themselves to action.
There are two levels at which you can do that. Change the way you think and do something every day. No matter how small.
Change the way you think.
We are in this mess because we have come to believe that there are no limits to energy resources and whatever the Earth can provide. Progress is about material things rather than how we get on - with ourselves, with others and with our environments.
Einstein said that you cannot solve problems with the same thinking that caused them. True. To change our ingrained thinking a practical step would be to engage with people who know how to live well under highly challenging circumstances. To build positive relationships with them would help.
Who are they then?
People with disabilities and frail aged people often know how to live a sustainable, even a flourishing life, despite their vulnerable situation. They have learned that our world is interdependent and wellbeing is made through getting on well with others.
So, come on. Make a far-travelling ripple in the pond by throwing your pebble of direct action today, whenever it crosses your path. Give someone a hand, a smile or a chat. It will change your mindset and may prove the Pentagon wrong on some scores at least if enough of us do that.
Make some practical changes
Small acts can have big results.
For example if everyone changed just one traditional 75W light bulb for an 18W compact fluorescent one for four hours a day this small action could reduce greenhouse emissions by millions of tonnes annually. Just 100,000 tonnes is equivalent to taking some 22,000 cars off the road!
So this act causes real ripples.
What else? Let's see.
* Dress warmly and turn your thermostat down a degree on cold days
* Close your blinds to keep the sun out on hot days
* Turn off lights when you do not need them
* Turn the computer off when not in use
* Walk or cycle rather than take the car
* Use public transport
* Buy an energy-efficient car
* Insist on energy-efficient housing design
* Reduce your shower time - or shower together (Mmm, well that may be counter productive)
* Buy energy-efficient rated appliances. And...
* Use your creativity to save energy where you can. There is so much you can do to reduce further global warming.
* Close your blinds to keep the sun out on hot days
* Turn off lights when you do not need them
* Turn the computer off when not in use
* Walk or cycle rather than take the car
* Use public transport
* Buy an energy-efficient car
* Insist on energy-efficient housing design
* Reduce your shower time - or shower together (Mmm, well that may be counter productive)
* Buy energy-efficient rated appliances. And...
* Use your creativity to save energy where you can. There is so much you can do to reduce further global warming.
Over to you.
Let it ripple!
About the Author
Dr Erik Leipoldt has long been concerned about the effects of global warming. He uses his experience of severe disability in practical approaches towards alternate energy sources to survive and thrive with climate change. See http://www.alternate-energy-sources.com/
History of Investigating Global Warming by fishing
People have not always known about global warming. The idea had to start somewhere. The history of the global warming concept is probably older than you might think. It all began in the late 1800's.
There was a scientist named Svante Arrhenius who was studying fossil fuel combustion in Sweden towards the end of the 19th century. An 1859 prediction claimed that the burning of such fuels would eventually lead to the process of global warming. Svante Arrhenius recognized that temperatures on the earth's surface were related to carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
Arrhenius studied global warming to find out the average surface temperature of earth. He figured that doubling the carbon dioxide in a greenhouse effect would raise the surface temperature by five degrees Celsius. He also concluded that human activities could be to blame for future global warming. His focus, though, was on how much carbon dioxide would have to be taken away to cause global cooling.
Infrared spectroscopy was developed in the 1940's that could be used to measure the sun's radiation. It was used to measure the absorption of radiation with and without added carbon dioxide. Gilbert Plass determined that the increased carbon dioxide would cause the earth to absorb more radiation, and so cause global warming.
From late in the 1950's to early in the 1960's, Charles Keeling produced curves of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. He showed the scientific community that the earth had gone through 32 distinct weather variations. It had previously been thought that there had only been four. This raised alarms of ice ages rather than global warming.
Much changed in the 1980's. The curve was followed and it was discovered that temperatures were getting higher at a rapid rate. Suddenly people stopped preparing for a cooling planet and began pondering global warming. Since Stephen Schneider first gave global warming a name and predicted its coming, which he did in 1976, the emphasis on the subject by the media grew more and more intense.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in 1988, just as the greenhouse effect was being named. In the IPCC, there are 2500 experts in all fields of study that are affecting and are affected by global warming. These include such diverse specialties as meteorology, economics, medicine, and oceanography, for example. The IPCC is still actively seeking information on global warming.
The term "the greenhouse effect" has fallen somewhat out of favor since 1990. Statistics did not follow the predicted course for the theory. However, the Kyoto Protocol, negotiated in Kyoto Japan, was aimed at preventing and correcting global warming.
Global warming is still a term that is in use and making the news daily. Since Al Gore's movie, An Inconvenient Truth, people have been more aware of the problem than ever. Presently, there are scientists, celebrities, and all manner of people who are working on solutions for global warming.
The history of inquiry into the nature of global warming is over 110 years old. There have been advances and retreats in the science. However, the future of global warming research and activism seems positive.
About the Author
Go join some fishing organizations.
Friday, December 17, 2010
Americans Wiling To Take Actions to Address Global Warming Issue by Correy Putton
In a recent survey conducted by the International Communications Research, it was found out that majority consisting of 70 percent of the respondents to be exact are concerned about the threats of global warming. Eighty percent of the one thousand respondents also pointed out that the government needs to make steps in combating the issue.
While the vast majority believes that the government has the responsibility to address the situation, a large number of respondents said that they are wiling to take actions too. They said that they are keen to take steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
It is a widely known fact among the respondents that the main cause of the growing problem is the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.
More than one third of the respondents said that they are willing to use a motor scooter instead of a car for a portion of their traveling. Motor scooters are more fuel efficient than cars due to the fact that they have considerably smaller engine and lighter frame. With the use of scoters, people can go from one place to another without burning the same amount of fuel that they would have had if they used a car.
The survey is also focused on the reaction of the motoring public to the use of motor scooters for their transportation. After all, Piaggio Group is a maker of motorcycles and scoters. Among the Italian company's brand are Aprilia and Moto Guzzi motorcycles.
Paolo Timoni, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Piaggio Group Americas, have this to say about the result of the study: "It's clear that Americans feel the urgency to act now to address the global climate issue facing our world today. As we continue discussions with people about these issues, we're seeing that more and more are now willing to adapt their transportation behaviors in ways which can immediately benefit the environment - even as scientists, governments and other parties explore other longer term solutions. By shifting just a portion of their mileage to more fuel efficient motor scooters, people can do their part toward reducing negative impacts on their surroundings while saving money and time from their own daily commutes."
It is indeed proven that switching to scooters will significantly decrease the amount of fossil consumed in the United States. If one should compare the survey results to current national fuel consumption and emission figures, it can be seen that the use of scooters is a good way to reduce emission and fuel consumption. If Americans will use a scooter for just ten percent of their mileage, national fuel consumption can be cut down by as much as 14 million gallons per day and a decrease in the amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by as much as 324 million pounds every day. That shows that even if scooters are not equipped with Hypertechparts, they can still significantly reduce the amount of fuel consumed by Americans.
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